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Elektrizitätserzeugung am Ischler Salzberg

21 The Moosberg tunnel struck: 1577 (together with Matthias tunnel) leaving: Hired 1586, abandoned 1690 Elevation: 625 meters (m) overall length 312 sticks (372 meters) worker: only sideways hope and sink works Naming: former area designation upper Mooseck , today Obereck With the first tunnels driven into the Ischler Salzberg, only short and poor salt deposits could be driven in both the Lauffner salt dome (1563 Mitterberg tunnel, 1567 Alter Steinberg tunnel) and the Perneck salt dome (1567 Lipplesgraben tunnel, originally Obernberg tunnel). Therefore, from 1577, an intensive search for further salt deposits on the Ischler Salzberg began. Detailed information about the intensive search for salt at that time can be found in Anton Dicklberger's Salina History of Upper Austria from 1817. On October 31, 1577, by order of the salt official Christoph Haiden, an inspection was held at the Ischler Salzberg by salt mining officials. As part of the inspection, a new tunnel dug in 1577 on the upper Moosegg in the forest of Hans Reicher to examine a salted lake was driven through. However, with a total length of 10 rods (11.9 m), this only penetrated 3 rods (3.6 m) of well-salted medium , which also carried acidic water. In 1577 the new tunnel was given the name Moosberg tunnel . In 1580, the Salzamtmann Christoph Haiden again inspected the Ischler Salzberg. At the same time, the further advance of the field location of the main shaft of the Moosberg tunnel was discussed, since only 11 sticks (13.1 m) of salted rock were exposed in this tunnel. In 1583, at the quarterly Haeuer measurement, it was decided to lengthen the 11 bar (13.1 m) long salt medium found in the Moosberg tunnel, where the main shaft had still been worked in vain in the deaf mountains, to search for the salt store and to examine the same with a sink work in depth. In 1584, two inspections were even carried out to establish rules with regard to an appropriate exploration of the Ischler Salzberg. Although no other salt rocks could be found in the Moosberg tunnel apart from the 11 Stabel (13.1 m) long salt medium, due to all hopes pursued sideways and in depth, the inspectors decided, despite these circumstances, to continue the advantageously located tunnel operate. Because of the traces of salt found both above and inside the tunnel, the hope of finding a rich core mountain was not given up and it was decreed that the deserted field site of the main shaft should be continued towards the ridge of the mountain after twelve hours (to the south). In the hopefully continued operation of the Moosberg tunnel, there was a strong inrush of water at the field location of the main shaft made of fissured rock. Since the necessary amount of brine could not be produced in the long term with the tunnels previously dug at the Ischler Salzberg and the hope of finding a new salt store in the Moosberg tunnel had to be given up, it was decided in 1584 to dig a new investigation tunnel at the Roßmoos. In 1584, the inspectors also suggested lowering the sinkage from the deepest point in the Moosberg tunnel, which had been operated in vain for 8 years now, by a further 14 rods (16.8 m) towards the depths . The inspectors were of the opinion that in the area of the Moosberg tunnel there was a salt mine that had been in use for many years and is now rotten . By further lowering the sink works, one was convinced that areas of the salt mountains could be reached that could not be reached long ago. Contrary to expectations, no existing salt mountains were opened up with this newly sunk section. Anton Dicklberger thinks the suspicion of an old salt mountain at Moosegg is very unlikely. No traces of older, abandoned buildings were found when the Moosberg tunnel was being excavated. Although a saltworks near Ischl is mentioned in some old documents, it seems more likely to Dicklberger that this was not operated at Moosegg but in Pfandl near Ischl. On February 11 and 12, 1586, another mountain survey was carried out on the Ischler Salzberg with the involvement of several mountain experts from the salt works in Hallstatt, Aussee and Ischl. Since the salt mountains had been excavated over a whole mountain thickness by the test digging operated by the Matthias tunnel, the new mining tunnels on Moosegg and Roßmoos , which were more than uncertain in terms of success, were finally discontinued. The Moosberg tunnel, operated with great hopes between 1577 and 1586, was extended to a length of probably 120 Stabel (143 m). Only 11 sticks (13.1 m) of salt agents could be found. The Moosberg tunnel was probably occupied with interruptions in the following 103 years from 1586 to 1690. The main shaft of the Moosberg tunnel with a smaller profile was lengthened by a further 192 bars (228.9 m) to a total of 312 bars (371.9 m). Shortly before the attack on the Rabenbrunn tunnel, which was also driven towards the Lauffner salt dome in 1692, the Moosberg tunnel was finally abandoned in 1690 and left to decay. Because of the good stability of the surrounding mountains, a large part of the main shaft of the Moosberg tunnel has been preserved to this day. The Moosberg tunnel was popular with adventurous young people up until the 1970s. The remains of a raft that was built to cross the water dam and some signatures in the clayey mountains bear witness to this to this day. By the mid-1980s at the latest, the mouth of the Moosberg tunnel had completely rolled up. In August 2018, Horst Feichtinger uncovered the entrance to the tunnel after extensive, manual digging, so that it was possible to drive on it. On August 14, 2018, members of the IGM (Mitterbergstollen interest group) and the landowner carried out an extensive tunnel inspection, including photographic documentation of the still accessible mine spaces. The approximately 430-year-old Moosberg tunnel is the oldest, still drivable mine building in the Ischler Salzberg, which is in its original condition. The tunnel, made with hammers and iron work, is a first-class mining monument with its unique sinter formations for the Ischler Salzberg. Due to the great importance of the Moosberg tunnel, the IGM decided in September 2018 to clear the main shaft up to the sintering at tunnel meters (Stm.) 82 to 92 and thus make it accessible for interested visitors. The tunnel, which was completely hand-carved and is still passable over a length of 221 m, was driven south-east from the anchor point at 625 m above sea level, following the mountain ridge. The standard profile of the tunnel is around 190 cm high, 80 cm at the top and 120 cm at the base. The first 7 pieces had to be made of wood when it was recaptured. From Stm. 7 to 25 the tunnel was driven in stable layers of lime. The standard profile in the front section of the tunnel is around 1.9 m in height and 0.8 m in roof width and 1.2 m in bottom width. From Stm. 25 the limestone layers merge into the pebbly, thick-banked marl limestone of the Rossfeld layers. The sandstones and conglomerates of the Rossfeld Formation were deposited in the early Cretaceous period around 120 million years ago. During deposition, massive undersea mass movements with mudslides and debris flows took place. The layered deposits with a chaotic structure made of older limestone boulders and hazel rocks, which geologists call olisthostromes , can also be found in the Moosberg tunnel. At Stm. 35 there is an approx. 0.5 m thick clayey deposit. In this clayey breccia one finds bluish violet clays that indicate leached Haselgebirge. The storage was cleared up to a height of approx. 3 m in the course of the original tunnel excavation. At Stm. 39 one finds another clayey intercalation with a total thickness of 1.8 m and finally at Stm. 59 a third intercalation also containing Haselgebirge stones with a thickness of approx. 1.0 m. The thick banked marl layers in the area of the last two deposits are heavily sintered. The extensions and sink works mentioned by Dicklberger were probably created in the area of these 3 deposits, since the leached Haselgebirge stones were interpreted as a sure sign of salt-bearing mountains. From Stm. 65, an extensive waterlogging began behind a collapse cone. The remains of a raft built in the 1970s, which was used to cross the tunnel lake, which was up to 1 m deep in rainy times, were found in this area. Unsuccessful attempts to cross the tunnel lake on stilts have also been handed down. In the course of the demolition work, the massive collapse cone from Stm. 57 to 65 was completely cleared out and the waterlogged was drained. From Stm. 65, the in-situ, stable marl layers become thinner. The strong water flow in this area has led to massive sintering. The wooden stamps built in to protect against dripping water from Stm. 82 to 92 are still clearly visible today. Most of the pit wood has decomposed over the centuries, but the impressive sinter imprints have survived to this day. A standard profile of 1.7 m line height and 0.6 m ridge and 1.0 m bottom width can be reconstructed for this section from the expansion remains. From Stm. 99 there are thin layers of marl and Schrambach. The Schrambach layers were also deposited after the Rossfeld layers in the early Cretaceous period. The rust-brown weathered limestone marl is tectonically overprinted. Clearly recognizable armored areas as well as staggered layers of mylonite bear witness to massive mountain movements. Due to the disruption of the marl structure, from Stm. 99 more and more collapses occurred. From Stm. 127, the marl becomes thicker again in a much more undisturbed bed and thus also more stable. At Stm. 130 there is a clear bend in the route towards the south. This change in the direction of tunneling is likely to be due to the specifications of the inspection of 1584. Due to the now stronger water flow, you will find extensive sinter terraces with some water ponds on the sole. In some cases there are clearly visible trace nail residues in the sinter. At Stm. 143 there is an impressive narrowing of the driven route profile to 1.8 m route height and 0.6 m ridge and 0.8 m bottom width. Presumably, here in 1586 the drive of the main shaft of the Moosberg tunnel ended for the time being. In the 104 years that followed, until the drive was finally shut down in 1690, the smaller route profile was chosen for cost reasons for the following tunnel section. From Stm. 140 to 197 are the stable, partly chert-bearing limestones of the 150 million year old Oberalmer strata from the late Jurassic period. From Stm. 197 you can find layers of marl again in the hanging wall of the Oberalmerkalke. The thick banked marl layers that are now present are tectonically heavily overprinted. Due to the flat bedding, massive ridge collapses occurred on mylonite layers and fissure areas. From Stm. 221 the route is currently completely broken. A further advance into the main shaft of the Moosberg tunnel, which is about 150 m long, would only be possible after extensive clearing and securing work. Above ground, north-west of the mouth hole, the extensive slag heap is still clearly visible. With an average crown width of 2 m, this is almost 27 m long and approx. 6 to 7 m high at the end of the heap. Sources used: Dicklberger Anton, Systematic history of the salt pans in Upper Austria, Volume I, Ischl 1817, Transcription by Thomas Nussbaumer, Weitra 2018. Schraml Carl, The Upper Austrian salt works from the beginning of the 16th to the middle of the 18th century, Vienna 1932. Schiendorfer Leopold, Perneck - A village through the ages, Linz 2006.

The wood requirement for salt production using the example of the Saline lschl (1571-1965) Günther Hattinger Austrian forest newspaper 12/1988: The following post will be about the importance of the forest and timber industry for the salt extraction in the Salzkammergut, in particular for the Saline Bad Ischl, at the end of the 19th century and quantitative information is also given on wood consumption. The burning of wood as an energy source for the production of salt in Austria and the resulting overuse of the forest and wood industry has been part of the technical and economic history for more than 100 years. The development of salt mining in lschl (opened in 1563), but especially that of the saltworks in lschl (1571-1965), is closely related to the forests of today's Strobl forest administration. Large need for wood The forests in Upper Austria's Rettenbach and Mitterweissenbachtal were enough for the cover of Do not delete the need of the salt-weather out of. Originally, contracts with the Archdiocese of Salzburg also had to fall back on the "Salzburger Waldungen". It was not only necessary to cover the wood requirements for the operation of the saltworks (the panhouse), but also for mining, the production of salt packaging (Küfel .- and Fassel production), the transport of salt on the waterways (shipbuilding), for the buildings of the hermitage and drift system and the various allowance claims. The order of magnitude in 1720 With a production of around 30,000 t of salt in the entire Upper Austrian Salzkammergut (Saline Ebensee, lschl and Hallstatt) for salt production 160,000 rm, for runner production and the reed construction 53,000 rm and for defense construction, brewing and deputate 60,000 rm, a total of 273,000 cubic meters of wood was used. In the 17th century, the need for firewood for the Saline in lschl to produce salt was between 21,000 rm and 24,000 rm with an annual production of 5400 t to 6300 t of salt. In the 18th century this should be due to the production figures of the saltworks partly even exceeded 25,000 rm every year. The specific wood consumption in rm wood/t salt could only be reduced by almost 10% during these two centuries. Due to the increased salt production during this period, this did not have a relieving effect on the forest manager. During this period, the technology of salt production in round pans (old Austrian pan) with flat grates for firing was subject to little change, despite increasing attempts at improvement, especially in the 18th century. Spruce and fir wood in demand For firing, a large flame was required that gave off sudden heat Spruce and fir wood. The wood was on 6 1/2 shoes cut to length beech wood was only for firing the dry houses (Ppiesel) for the used to dry the salt fodder. In later times, up to a quarter of beech wood was allowed to be added to the wood for firing the pans, the "Hallwid". Lack of wood led to rationalization The looming shortage of wood led to rationalization measures. In the first half of the 19th century, the introduction of the "Tyrolean pan" (1823) and the construction of the Kolowrat brewhouse (1834) with a double pan and finally the introduction of the pull grate in the furnaces instead of the flat grate a significant reduction in wood consumption. Increasing salt production compensates for a reduction in wood consumption/t of salt During this period, the specific wood requirement fell by 35% from around 3.4 rm/t salt to around 2.2 rm/t salt. Around the middle of the 19th century, salt production at the Saline Ischl was 14,000 t/year. But even this notable reduction in specific wood consumption in the salt works could only compensate for the additional demand for salt production, but did not bring any relief to forestry. Coal firing brings relaxation to the forest This only happened with the introduction of coal firing in the Saline lschl in the years 1881-1886. The prerequisite for this was the construction of the railway line Stainach-Irdning-Attnang-Puchheim, the "Kronprinz-Rudolf-Bahn" in 1877, which transported coal from the Hausruck-Revier made possible. With the introduction of coal firing, gas firing with generator gas was also tried, as was the gasification of wood. The gas firing, which is more economical in itself in terms of heat technology, was not able to prevail over coal firing with stepped grates and later with movable grates. Pure coal firing for the production of pan salt remained in the Saline Ischl until production was finally stopped in 1965. Use of thermocompression In 1979, a new saltworks with a current production capacity of 440,000 tons of salt per year was put into operation in Ebensee. This saline, which works as a thermocompression plant with evaporators, covers more than 90% of Austria's salt production, in addition to the Hallein saline, which works according to the same principle. Salinen AG. With this technology, electrical energy is mainly used to drive the thermocompression system, which works as an open heat pump, and only a small proportion of caloric energy in the form of heavy fuel oil. Due to the high yield of thermocompression systems, the total energy consumption is only 0.9 GJ/1 salt (gigajoule/t salt). This energy expenditure is in the range of 5 to 10% the expense of open pans fired with coal or earlier with wood. It clearly shows the success of technological development over the past 100 years and especially in the last few decades. Wood shaped culture before the 19th century The German economist Werner SOMBART made the following statement in his 1919 work "Der Moderne Capitalism", which is largely valid for our region: "All European culture - the intellectual no less than the material one - emerged from the forest. The wood took hold all areas of cultural existence, was the prerequisite for the flowering of old branches of economic life and formed the general substance of all things to such an extent that culture before the 19th century had a decidedly wooden character.” Sources used: Günther Hattinger Austrian forest newspaper 12/1988 Use of the Salzburg forests at the Abersee by the Saline Ischl JOHANN OSTERMANN Austrian forest newspaper 12/1988 The political developments in the first years of the reign of FERDINAND I (1521 to 1560) resulted in an enormous boom in the salt trade and the associated salt production. How did that happen? In the Battle of Mohacs in 1526 the last Jagiellonian LUDWIG II, King of Bohemia and Hungary, fell in battle against the Turks. As he left no descendants, Bohemia and Hungary fell to his brother-in-law Ferdinand, who was married to Anne of Bohemia. This allowed the Austrian salt trade to be extended to the Kingdom of Bohemia. Due to the increased salt production, the salt pans were enlarged and their number increased. In search of new salt stores they found what they were looking for in lschl and on July 25, 1563 the Mitterberg tunnel was opened. The main problem of all salt pans was always having enough wood for the brewing pans. So one tried either to bring enough wood to the saltworks or, as in later years, to lead the salt to the wood through brine pipes, as was the case with the construction of the Ebensee saltworks. Although the salt mine and the lschl saltworks, put into operation in 1571, were in a very densely wooded area, it was necessary to look out for wood reserves in good time and also to take care to protect our own forests. Long before wood was delivered from the archbishop's forests at Abersee for the salt works in lschl, the lschl salt manufacturers, who were middle-class entrepreneurs, obtained Kufhoz and ship wood from the forests of the Mondsee monastery, from an area between Königsberg and lschl. The supply of wood to the salt flats is secured When the Austrian Obersalzamt in Gmunden approached Salzburg to secure wood consumption in lschl by using the Abersee forests, both sides were helped. After all, the Salzburg smelting works such as the Saline Hallein or the iron works in Rupertiwinkel were too far away to ensure economic use. In 1579, a treaty was signed between Emperor RUDOLF II. (1576-1612) and Prince-Archbishop JOHANN JAKOB VON KUEN-BELASY (1560-1586). At the beginning of the contract, reference was made to the then Emperor MAXIMILIAN II (1564-1576), who already concluded a contract with Salzburg in 1565, which stipulated the use of the Salzburg forests, which are in the area of today's Rußbach forester district of the Gosau forest administration, for the salt works regulated in Hallstatt. salt for wood In the contract of 1579, Salzburg obliges itself, initially from the forests of the Hüttenstein custodial court, the later St. Gilgen court, to the "Ischlerische Salzstätten" "Seven hundred pans Widt" correspond to 32,900 cubic meters of wood to burn in the brewing pans, 1 pan is calculated at 67 cubic meters or 47 cubic meters. The wood is to be taken from the following "Waldorthen": ".... to kindle at the Rinpach, and from there to the Wildten Cammer up from the Gassengraben to the Kürchweg." Then from the other side of the "Rünpach" up to the "Kaltenpach". If the 700 pans are not reached in this area, the felling should be extended to the "Unckhenpach". This corresponds to the area from the Rettenkogel, via the Rinnkogel to the Wilden Kammer, which is bordered by the Weissenbach in the west Salzburg permitted salt to be exported from the Hallein Saline to the Kingdom of Bohemia and to the imperial principalities and imperial cities that were interested in it. Wood use is regulated Only master woodworkers and woodcutters who were subjects of Salzburg were allowed to cut wood. In order to prevent damage to the rest of the forest and to the regeneration, the way in which the felling had to be carried out was precisely prescribed: "Sixthly, the pre-determined Waldörther should be chopped up and processed from underrists to colonels and from hindists to foreman and in a Waldmann manner so that the honeyed wood wax is harmed and left behind." protection for subjects By delivering the "Hall Widts" to the Saline, however, the subjects were not allowed to suffer any disadvantage in their purchase of wood, and the right to graze, the so-called "Pluem visit" not be affected. Bringing and hitting had to be done with "such care, so that the same can be done with the least amount of damage", and if the Salzburg subjects suffered damage from the wood deliveries at their base, "should in your Kay:(happy) May:(estät) Same damage will be increased and removed". The contract stipulated that twenty to thirty pans of wood, i.e. 1340 rm to 2010 rm of wood, were felled in the designated area every year. First Timber Order In 1581 In 1581, two years after the contract on the use of the Abersee forests by the Salzamt in lschl, a "timber regulation" was issued for the Hüttenstein court, which was intended to guarantee a more controlled use of the Salzburg forests in the court. In the introduction to the new timber regulation it is stated that the subjects of Salzburg took wood from the princely forests for their own use, but also for sale as ship or kufholz for lschl, at their own discretion and the forest care was completely neglected, so that "also the wood wax has been noticeably prevented, and therefore there is a great lack of wood". Wood is assigned The new forest ordinance stipulated that the subjects were only allowed to chop the wood that was shown to them on a stick by the chief woodsman or sub-woodsman. Fourteen days before or after Christmas, the chief woodsman, in the presence of the caretaker von Hüttenstein, announced in St. Gilgen how much wood the subjects were allowed to chop and where. The Oberwaldmeister had to give special consideration to the "poor Heusseßigen Unndterthonen, who Ir notturfft Traidt nit rein in on their goods" when awarding woodwork. Rollover will be severely penalized Since the Ischl salt manufacturers often advanced the Aberseer wood suppliers more money than was necessary for the work done, more wood was felled and carelessly, which from now on was subject to severe punishment. The subjects had Kufholz 45 kr. for a pound (pan), Schiffholz for a five (type of ship) and six 12 kr., for a seven 24 kr. and for a pan of firewood 16 kr. floor right to pay. In order to compensate for the different amount of work or income that occurred with the three different types of wood, the allocation had to be changed every year. For the export to lschl, wood for 150 zills and 100 pounds of Kufholz was approved annually. Firewood was not limited. Wood reserves are formed Unmarried servants and farmer's sons were not allowed to run "woodwork" on their own. They were only allowed to be employed as woodcutters with wages by farmers who had a permit be refurbished, but if it was sold to lschl, the stock rights first had to be paid for. So that there were enough wood reserves for Hallein’s own saltworks and because of the game, the chief forest master was instructed to give the Hüttenstein subjects in the high and black forests, “namely the Praitenperg , Wislwald . .. the like in the forests, such as in the Hintersee tall leagues". The first forest house The construction of the "housing" for an "undter Waldmaister" (forester) in Abersee can be seen as a forerunner of today's forest administration in Strobl. He was responsible for forest matters in the courts of Hüttenstein, Wartenfels and Mondsee, as far as they concerned Salzburg interests. Deciduous wood harmful to the Black Forest The wood goods producers and wheelwrights, as well as the blacksmiths of the Hüttenstein and Wartenfels courts, were allowed to take maple, elm and beech from the Black Forest "since such hardwood is harmful to the Black Forest anyway". When Austria set up its own salt deposits in Passau in 1596 In order to deliver salt to Bohemia, the Hüttenstein court was ordered to stop the supply of wood to lschl, whereupon Austria blocked the supply of grain and wine from lschl to Salzburg, but the dispute was resolved in 1600 by Archbishop Wolf Dietrich (1587-1612) and Rudolf II. settled. The farmers made mountain pastures out of the free forest areas, against which Austria unsuccessfully protested. As a result of the founding of alpine pastures no young forest grew up, the felling of wood was continually expanded: 1646 on the Breitenberg, in the Kögl and Eichenbrunn forests, 1695 in the Schreinbach and Zinkenbachtal, 1734 in the Zwerchenberg and Ruprechtsgraben forests, 1770 the forests in the Kammersbach, on the Scharfen, Schnitzhof, Sonntags-Kendl and again at Breitenberg. Finally, it should be noted that the large areas of alpine pasture in today's forest administration in Strobl are not due to the use of the forest by the lschler Saline, but to "impertinent alpine drivers". called. Sources used: JOHANN OSTERMANN Austrian forest newspaper 12/1988

Salzkammergut Salzbergbau Sozialgeschichte Personalstand und Tätigkeiten Social affairs – number of employees and activities: At the beginning of the 17th century the following activities were described in the salt mines: The Bergmeister was sworn in by the Salzamtmann in Gmunden before he took up his duties. He was the manager responsible for the mining operation and had the duty of “always bringing up a young skilful ironworker alongside him, diligently and faithfully instructing the same Berg Schien, Wag und Maß, actually learning and teaching, thereby you. Maj. would like to use the same for a future Bergmeister”. The mountain worker was also sworn and had to see to the order in the mountain and compliance with the prescribed services so that the workers received the wages they were entitled to. Three Eisenhäuer were selected by the Bergmeister as spectators or jurors ; They were not paid as such and had to approve the brine together with the miner and worker, give their opinion on the type and nature of the rock when measuring the dimensions and participate in the accounting of the item (mining piecework). The Eisenhauer received a weekly wage as an advance on the fixed quarterly output on the rock. At the Ischler Salzberg, 9 iron cutters were divided into three blows (working groups) and worked on the rock throughout the shift. Each battalion had to advance 27 poles (ie 3 poles per man and quarter = 3.58 m ) in a quarter in order to receive the full payment. The workers had to change 1 ½ - 2 yokes (excavation room) per shift. They were also used for the maintenance and production of conveyor hoists, for repairing the reels in the scoop pits and for the production of beams for ironwork. The Karrner or promoters promoted the accumulating heaps of heifers and rusters from the pit. The creators had to reel up the buckets filled with brine from the workers. The farmhands or boys were busy with various unskilled work in mining, the weather forching (operating fans for artificial ventilation) and delivering the mining irons to and from the mining smithy. The mountain blacksmith had to keep the hewer's tools (tools) in order, steel them, weld them and sharpen them. The charcoal burner burned the forge charcoal from the charcoal wood assigned to him. The cart makers or wood-diggers were responsible for the manufacture and repair of the scoops and cleaning buckets as well as the preparation of the yoke and base wood and its delivery to the scaffolding sites in the pit. They were also obliged to provide the necessary tools, such as hoes and dexel (axe with a transverse blade). The number of miners for Ischl specified in 1656 in the 3rd Reformation Dragonfly had to be increased towards the end of the 17th century and even more so in the 18th century, because the accelerated alignment of the deeper horizons and the increase in the number of workers meant an increase in the number of miners, miners and and cleaner personnel required. The miners and their related trades enjoyed princely exemption (princely protection) on the way to and from the Salt Mine except in matters of maleficent (serious crimes). Under threat of loss of property and imprisonment, they were not allowed to enter into alliances with one another, nor to form alliances against superiors such as magistrates, administrators, miners or workers, and they were not allowed to mistreat, scold or ridicule their employees. Salt theft and unreported removal from salt waste was forbidden, as was carrying weapons. Any other handling (employment) was forbidden to the Eisenhäuern. However, the level of 140 men in 1720 does not correspond to the actual work output, since many miners only worked half shifts. Workers at the Ischler Salzberg: The following list of employment in the Ischler Pfannhaus shows the predominance of woodwork, which claimed 70% of the entire workforce, while hardly a quarter of this was necessary for the actual salt production. The strong increase in the workforce towards the end of the 17th century is related to the overpopulation in the Kammergut, which resulted in an increased influx of people to work in all the administration offices and companies. Worker Ischler Pfannhaus: The Erbeisenhäuer rights ceased to exist around 1760 without being formally revoked. The hewers now split into two groups, the squires who worked on the stone and in the things and the squires who were no longer suitable for this and worked in the look-up and other things. In 1763, the commission of inquiry had replaced the six-hour shift that had been customary until then with an eight-hour shift followed by a 16-hour rest period. The workers started at 4 a.m. on Monday and finished the last shift at noon on Saturday. Since they could not go home between two shifts due to the great distance between their homes, they did not have time to do housekeeping at the weekend. They therefore asked for the old shift system to be reintroduced, which the Oberamt granted them in 1770. After this, the weekly shift was over on Friday without any reduction in working hours. Day workers' shifts in the summer began at 5 am and ended at 6 pm, with two one-hour rest breaks at 8 am and noon. In the future, 382 six-hour shifts had to be worked for the 286 ½ eight-hour shifts that were previously used annually. The relatively small number of shifts can be explained by the many mountain holidays. In 1781, however, Emperor Josef canceled 26 such mountain holidays. Even with the considerably increased staff in 1769, the accelerated tunneling of the new underpass tunnel and the increased activity in mining in the following years at the Ischler Salzberg could not be sufficient. Worker Ischler Salzberg: In 1805 the workforce at the Ischler Salzberg already numbered 230 men. In 1805 the administrative offices of Hallstatt, Ischl and Ebensee employed a total of 3,422 men. In addition, there were 1,000 workers in Aussee, that of the bulk runners' trade office for barrel production and personnel required for shipping, the occupation of the loading places and barns and the Küfler standing in the finishing service. A total of around 5,000 workers may have been employed in the salt industry. In 1851 the ministry set the peak of stable laborers at 3,739 men. Between 1805 and 1810, the number of employees at the Verwesamt Ischl was 968 workers. Ischl dilapidated: Number of personnel mid 1805 to 1810 In his book "Travelling through Upper Austria", Volume I from 1809, Joseph August Schultes describes the following activities on the Ischler Salzberg: Overview of the mountain personnel at the Ischler Berge 1804: In 1822 the miners in Hallstatt and Ischl had the following work regulations: The cleaners, miners (conveyors), Lettenschlager, Wegleger and workboys began work on Monday at 6 a.m. and worked eight six-hour shifts a week with a six-hour rest period. The carpenters worked five six-hour shifts with a twelve-hour break in 3 freestyle sessions on site and started work on Mondays at 6 a.m., 12 p.m. and 6 p.m. They spent the sixth six-hour shift "after work", i.e. not at Gedingort during the rest period, and had Thursday afternoons or evenings off. The squires also only worked six six-hour shifts a week, two a day each, but they were only assigned to two men and could therefore complete their weekly work in three days. The book writers, blacksmiths, stuff custodians, chest judges, Geimel and Rüster were on the mountain from Monday morning to Thursday evening and worked twice a day for six hours, from 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. with a one-hour lunch break. The watermen rotated six-hour shifts, worked 14 shifts a week, and then were off duty the following week. Like the other day workers, the woodworkers and unskilled laborers stayed at the Salzberg from Monday to Thursday, but were only paid five days' wages for the four working days and the paid return trip. The new shift order introduced in 1841 according to the intentions of the court chamber in connection with a status and wage regulation was intended to eliminate organizational disadvantages and put the companies on a more rational basis. The servants on the salt mountains were now divided into: 1. The championship without manual activities, 2. Hut people with manual activities, 3. Miners 1st, 2nd and 3rd class with a weekly wage increased by 30% compared to the previous one, 4. Manipulation Pupils (Mountain Boys). The number of systematic master craftsman and worker posts was limited to 178 in Ischl, 213 in Aussee and 301 in Hallstatt. Working hours should be extended to the whole week, starting Monday at noon and ending on Saturday at noon. The pit work was to take eight six-hour shifts throughout. This shift order, which kept the miners back at the salt mines all week long, was not popular with the miners. In 1851, the Hallstatt miners finally obtained permission to work the 48-hour week in five days by shortening the previous rest periods, so that they could leave the salt mine on Friday and use the whole of Saturday to do housework. In 1821, only boys who were at least twelve years old and had school certificates were allowed to be accepted as miner boys or manipulation pupils, mostly the sons of supervisors. The number of boys in Ischl was eight and twelve in Hallstatt. They initially served without pay and, after a probationary period, received a small wage including farm grain if they performed satisfactorily. As in all companies, the number of employees at the Ischler Salzberg had increased significantly. In 1823 it was 246, in 1824 even 263 men, including 206 miners, 30-45 woodcutters and 10-11 pupils. The austerity measures of the following years only slowly made themselves felt, 1832 employed 206, 1834 195 and 1837 183 men. There were now 185 systematic posts, and the administration had to cover any additional demand by hiring temporary interim workers. In the years 1847 to 1849 the Ischler Salzberg employed a total of 200 men. From the 185 systematized positions on: Class I 37 on housemen and foremen class II 41 on Lettenschlager, stretch workers, blacksmiths and elmsters Class III 41 on conveyors and layoffs Class IV 37 on chester Class V 29 on Tschanderer and Werkbuben In his report on "The Ischler Bergfest" in the 1970 Leobner Grünen Hefte, Franz Grieshofer gives an overview of the workforce at the Ischler Salzberg from 1650 to 1969 Ischler Salzberg: Number of employees 1650 - 1969 In her work on "The Liquidation of the Saline Hall" from 1970, Maria Mittendorfer gives an overview of the number of employees at the Austrian salt works in 1964. Sources used: Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian salt works from the beginning of the 16th to the middle of the 18th century", Vienna 1932 Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian Salt Works from 1750 to the time after the French Wars", Vienna 1934 Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian Salt Works from 1818 to the end of the Salt Office in 1850", Vienna 1936 Joseph August Schulte's "Travels through Upper Austria", Volume I, Tübingen 1809, reprint Linz 2008 Franz Grieshofer "The Ischler Bergfest", Leobner Grüne Hefte, Vienna 1970 Maria Mittendorfer "The liquidation of the Saline Hall", contributions to alpine economic and social research, episode 92, Innsbruck 1970

Frauen- und Kinderarbeit im Salzberg Women and child labor in salt mining

Knappenkost and Knappendrink In addition to leftover food, clothing and equipment, human faeces that are up to 3000 years old have been preserved in the Alpine salt mountains. From the wealth of finds that have been made in recent years, especially in the Hallstatt salt mine, you can get a good picture of the eating habits of the Bronze Age miners. Findings of cooking spoons and shards of large pots indicate that cooking was carried out directly on site in the pit. Large charred pieces of wood show that powerful pit fires were maintained, which not only served as a source of light and cooking fires, but also warmed the pit weather and thus increased the weather draft. What was being prepared over the great cooking fires a good 3000 years ago? The remains of barley, millet and broad beans as well as splinters of gnawed animal bones can be found in the excrement of the Hallstatt miners. The main course of the Hallstatt miners was probably a hearty stew made from pulses and rinds of inferior meat, similar to today's Ritschert. They drank water or milk from small wooden vessels. Examination of the excrement also revealed that practically all miners were infested with intestinal worms. This led to abdominal pain, colic and diarrhea. The Hallstatt miners suffered from massive joint arthrosis because of the hard work. In addition, the carbohydrate-rich diet led to severe tooth decay. So the prehistoric Hallstatt miner was a nearly toothless miner bent over from work, constantly looking for a quiet place. Truly not a nice miner's life!!! The closest information about miner's diet comes from early medieval writings. These sources provide important information about the food needed, its prices and the great difficulties in obtaining food Even in the Middle Ages, daily food was one-sided and lacking in vitamins. Before the early shift started, the miners prepared their mush from rye flour, water and salt. For lunch they ate bread and bacon without exception. In the evening you ate egg dough dishes like Schmarrn or Nocken. Table drinks were mostly water and milk. Large amounts of alcohol could generally only be drunk on non-working days, such as church festivals or public holidays. There was more than enough of that. In the Salzkammergut of the 17th century, the miners had 58 non-working holidays a year. The fact that some miners resorted to drugs because of poor nutrition and hard work seems understandable today. Alcohol was seen as a tonic and a cure for diseases. Since it was very difficult to supply the miners with free purchases on the markets, payment in kind was introduced in many mines. The trades set the exact quantity of provisions to be delivered and their price. The provisions essentially consisted of grain, lard and bacon. In around 1553, a married worker in the Carinthian gold mine was given 3 kg of flour, 1 kg each of lard and meat, and 10 loaves of bread for 14 days. If one assumes that the trades charged the miners an average of 20% higher prices, this resulted in an additional profit for the trades that should not be neglected. The trades also endeavored to give the miners as little cash as possible, as they thought they would only spend it on drink, games and women anyway. With this "free money" the miners had to buy all other food and luxury goods such as some salt, oil, vegetables, wine or schnapps from the trades at exorbitant prices. Old files report on a special feature of the Salzkammergut - salt pans: In 1815, 70,000 miners or 3,100 tons of grain were needed to supply the 2,900 Arab salt miners and their families. Most of the grain had to be obtained from Hungary by ship via the Danube and Traun, which was expensive. In order to lower the supply costs, under Maria Theresia a marriage license was introduced by the salt office for young miners. When grain prices were high, the Oberamt simply stopped issuing marriage licenses. As a result, the number of families to be cared for was quickly reduced. But the young, marriageable men left the Salzkammergut in droves because of the ban. The urge to start a family was greater than the joy of the poorly paid drudgery in the state salt mines. Grinding their teeth, the Oberamt had to withdraw the marriage bans again and again and even pay marriage money so that the young people could return to the Salzkammergut. An important step towards food supply in the Salzkammergut was the introduction of potato cultivation from 1765. The population soon got used to eating potatoes, and cultivation of them increased rapidly. In 1807 more than 50 tons of potatoes were harvested in the Salzkammergut. Around the middle of the 18th century, wage payments in Austrian mining increased as the situation on the free market improved significantly. Merchants were able to supply food at affordable prices to even the most remote Tauern valleys. With more cash now available to miners, alcohol consumption became a real problem. A letter from the Vordernberger trades from 1792 states: "Any cash income that goes beyond the most urgent need, only tempts the worker to drink, play and idleness." Even in the 19th century, miners' fare remained inadequate and one-sided. Lack of milk throughout the long winter, little meat, mostly only flour food, very rarely vegetables, but earlier and excessive alcohol consumption meant that the average life expectancy was well under 50 years. From the end of the 19th century, industrially produced alcohol became cheaper and more widespread. Beers from innumerable breweries increasingly displaced must, schnapps and wine from rural production. The food situation only improved at the end of the 19th century. With the founding of workers' consumption cooperatives, the food supply was significantly expanded and also made more affordable. Nevertheless, lard, bacon and flour remained the most important foodstuffs, along with potatoes and corn, well into the 20th century. Meat dishes, usually beef, were only served on Sundays and public holidays. Social history of nutrition in the Salzkammergut All details about the Ischler Salzberg and mining in general

25 The mine locomotive: The Ruhrthal mine locomotive with serial no. 2947, Type G 22, service weight 5,160 kg was made in 1951 by the Ruhrthaler Maschinenfabrik in Mülheim an der Ruhr / Germany built. On February 8, 1952, it was delivered to ÖSAG in Bad Ischl and then pulled up from the Au with several teams of oxen and the entire Salzberg workforce to the Maria Theresia tunnel. Until the Jenbacher mine locomotive was purchased in 1982, the Ruhrthaler was the only locomotive in use both for transporting materials and for visiting the Maria Theresia tunnel. From 1982 until the cessation of foreign traffic in 2000, the Ruhrthaler served exclusively as a reserve machine. In August 2009 I was able to buy the Ruhrthal mine locomotive that had been parked for 9 years at the station in the Maria Theresia tunnel. After a thorough restoration, it is now operational on my property. I managed to save this rare piece from scrapping and make it accessible to the public. Good luck for Eric Ramsauer Technical details:

How long has mining been around? The question "When did mining start?" is not easy to answer, since written records go back barely 1 millennium. To answer the question "What was before?" one has to rely on archaeologists and often on dedicated miners who are looking for traces of the past. People have known how to use the natural resources of the Alps for at least 6000 years . That's how old Austria's oldest mine is in Mauer near Vienna , where flint was mined. 12 m deep shafts, stretches and cross passages as well as large heaps still bear witness to the activities of Stone Age miners. A number of copper mines from Schwaz in Tyrol via the Kelchalm near Kitzbühel to Mühlbach am Hochkönig were already in operation in the Bronze Age 4000 years ago . A total of 3.3 million tons of raw ore were extracted and around 50,000 tons of copper were smelted. Eastern Alpine copper production was of European importance. 3000 years ago, salt was mined in Hallstatt . And in Roman times, Noric iron from Carinthia and Tauern gold were coveted trade products. Evidence of early mining activity is the glacier man "Ötzi" . Extremely high concentrations of copper and nickel were found in the hair of the man who died 5,300 years ago. This suggests that Ötzi worked in ore smelting . In addition, Ötzi was armed with an East Alpine copper ax. Also in other parts of the world there are interesting, sometimes much, much older traces of mining. The oldest pit map, for example, dates from the time of the Egyptian ruler Ramses IV, who lived 3,300 years ago. It shows roads, gold mines and miners' dwellings. In North America from 3000 - 1200 B.C. About 500,000 tons of copper ore were mined by an unknown people on the Isle Royale in Michigan. However, the associated copper was never found. Where the not inconsiderable amount of copper went to will probably remain a great mystery of archeology. The world's oldest traces of mining can be found where mankind originated - namely in Africa. Unfortunately, much of the past lies in the dark on the black continent. Records from the pre-colonial period are practically non-existent. Most finds of prehistoric mining were only made in the course of modern large-scale mining. The roots of classic mining lie in southern Africa in the Ngwenya Mountains in today's Swaziland. It is home to one of the oldest underground mines in the world, dating back an incredible 43,000 years . The object of the extensive mining, which reached a depth of up to 30m, was hematite in the form of silvery micaceous iron mica. The iron ore was crushed in stone mortars and probably used for cultic-cosmetic purposes. There is no doubt that the Stone Age hunters rubbed their faces, hands and bodies with mineral paints and then made the cave paintings, which are still colorful today. During the nearly 20,000-year mining period, several thousand tons of ore were mined in the Ngwenya Mountains. As a last example, I would like to mention the discovery of a Rhodesia man, a 200,000-year-old early human form . Bones and teeth of this early human have been discovered in a limestone cave opened up by mining at Broken Hill in Zambia. The living space of this man was unique: Zinc and lead phosphate crystals literally littered the ceiling of his den. So there is a suspicion that he really is the oldest miner in the world! Mining has shaped the fortunes of people for thousands of years. Without it, progress and prosperity would be unthinkable. Miners can rightly be proud of having inherited a profession that is thousands of years old.

Wanderführer zur Wanderung. 64 Seiten Infos The hiking guide to the VIA SALIS Bad Ischl Concentrated information on 64 pages for the tour. There are many more details in the hiking guide about the information on the boards by the tunnels: Historical information about the individual tunnels, geology, faith and church, the inventive spirit of the Salzkammergut people and technology are explained here in depth. Sale: Salt world shop of Salinen Tourismus GmbH in Bad Ischl (Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Straße) Tourismusverband Bad Ischl, Auböckplatz 5 - pump room, A-4820 Bad Ischl Orders can also be placed with us: Tel. No. 067761168967 , e-mail: horst.feichtinger@gmx.at Price: € 5.00 Hier gibt es das Buch: Ischler Heimatverein, donnerstags 9 – 12 Uhr Salzkammerguttouristik Götzstraße Tourismusverband Trinkhalle Buchhandlung Thalia, Pfarrgasse

Details zur Bergsäge Details zur Bergsäge beim Maria Theresia Stollen Mit der Bergsäge beim Maria Theresia Stollen haben wir in Perneck einen noch weitgehend unbekannten, montanhistorischen Schatz ersten Ranges. Warum ist die Pernecker Bergsäge so bedeutend: Sie ist das letzte vollständig erhaltene technische Relikt des Pernecker Salzbergs. Sie wurde 1842 als erste Säge der k:k: Monarchie mit einem Riemenantrieb ausgestattet. Der damalige Bergbaubetriebsleiter Franz von Schwind schaffte mit diesem Umbau die Leistung der Säge mehr als zu verdoppeln Dieses Riemengetriebe ist auf wundersame Weise bis heute vollständig erhalten geblieben. Bei der Übersiedlung der Säge vom Steinberg zum heutigen Standort 1867 sowie bei der Elektrifizierung 1950 wurde es zum Glück nicht ausgebaut. Die historische Entwicklung der Bergsäge ist durch Akten im Salinenarchiv Leharstöckl fast lückenlos dokumentiert. Unsere Bergsäge ist die letzte aus dieser Zeit stammende, vollständig erhaltene Säge im inneren Salzkammergut. Und die Bergsäge liegt in unmittelbarer Nähe zur zentralen Viasalis-Schaustelle beim Maria Theresia-Stollen, die heuer durch einen Huntslauf erweitert wird. Geschichte, Pläne, Technik der Pernecker Bergsäge All diese Gründe haben dazu geführt, dass seit dem Jahr 2020 von der „Interessensgemeinschaft Mitterbergstollen“ (IGM) und deren Helfern intensiv an der Erhaltung der Bergsäge gearbeitet wird: Die Säge wurde entrümpelt, gesäubert und Gebäudeöffnungen verschlossen. Der Vorplatz wurde gerodet, umfangreiche Holzschlägerungen durchgeführt, die Stützmauern freigelegt und die Treppe vom Theresia-Stollen herauf saniert. Mehrere komplizierte Baumfällungen waren zum Schutz des Sägendaches nötig. Seit Jahren wird das schadhafte Dach regelmäßig mit Planen eingedeckt, die leider immer wieder von Sturmböen zerstört werden. Für diese umfangreichen und andauernden Arbeiten wurden von der IGM und deren Helfer bisher über 400 ehrenamtliche Stunden aufgewendet. Aber nur so konnte die bereits Ende der 1980er Jahre stillgelegte Bergsäge ohne größere Schäden bis zum heutigen Tag erhalten werden. Parallel zu diesen Arbeiten wurden laufend Gespräche mit zahlreichen Institutionen geführt, um die finanziellen Mittel für die dringend nötige Sanierung aufzutreiben. Jahrelang leider vergeblich, bis uns im Sommer 2024 die Geschäftsführung der Salinen Immobilen mit der Idee konfrontierte, uns die Säge zu schenken. Vereinsgründung: Da die IGM als Interessensgemeinschaft keine Rechtspersönlichkeit darstellt war schnell klar, dass ein Trägerverein gegründet werden muss. Eine der wesentlichen Stärken der IGM war und ist, dass alle Mitglieder und Helfer gleichgestellt sind. Es gibt keinen Vorstand, keinen Kassaprüfer und keine Wahlen. Alles funktioniert auf gegenseitiges Vertrauen und gegenseitiger Wertschätzung. Das dies sehr gut funktioniert, zeigen unsere vielen erfolgreich umgesetzten Projekte. Deshalb war und ist innerhalb der IGM eine gesunde Portion Skepsis gegenüber einer Vereinsgründung vorhanden. Aber was wäre die Alternative gewesen? Herr Hentschel von den Salinen Immobilien sprach im Sommer 2024 klare Worte: „Falls Ihr keinen Verein gründet, um die Säge zu übernehmen, wird sie zeitnah abgetragen und dann ist sie für Euch Geschichte.“ Nach intensiven Vorgesprächen wurde im August 2024 der Beschluss gefasst, einen Erhaltungsverein bei der Vereinsbehörde anzumelden, um gegenüber den Salinen Immobilien handlungsfähig zu bleiben. Die Übergabeverhandlungen konnten nun Ende August 2024 starteten. Diese zogen sich doch etwas in die Länge, da wesentliche Punkte wie Geh- und Fahrrechte, Erhaltung der Zufahrtsstraße sowie finanzielle Fragen zu klären waren. Am 21. November 2024 konnten Horst Feichtinger und Hans Kranabitl als Vereinsgründer nach positiven Abschluss der Verhandlungen den Schenkungsvertrag notariell unterzeichnen. Im Zuge der behördlichen Vertragsprüfung durch das Bauamt der Stadtgemeinde Bad Ischl stellte sich aber heraus, dass laut OÖ. Baurecht zu Gebäudeparzellen auch ein 3 m breiter, das Bauobjekt umgebender Grünstreifen, nötig ist. Nach Zustimmung des Salinen-Vorstandes wurde der Schenkungsvertrag um diesen 3 m breiten Grünstreifen erweitert. Der nun auch dem Erhaltungsverein gehörende Grünstreifen ermöglicht ein problemloseres Arbeiten am Gebäude. Eventuelle Nachbarschaftskonflikte wegen der das Gebäude teilweise umgebenden Wiese sind nun vom Tisch. Die nötigen Vermessungen wurden bereits durchgeführt und der Vertrag sollte laut Auskunft der Salinen Immobilien, bis spätestens April 2025 unterschriftsreif sein. Schenkungsvertrag: Was beinhaltet nun der Schenkungsvertrag: Der Erhaltungsverein bekommt die Bergsäge samt 3 m Grünstreifen als Schenkung übertragen. Mit dieser Schenkung verbunden ist die Verpflichtung zur Erhaltung des Gebäudes der Bergsäge. Falls die Bergsäge durch Brand oder Naturgewalt unwiederbringlich zerstört würde, fallen die im Zuge der Schenkung übertragenen Grundstücke wieder an Salinen Immobilien zurück. Für die Schenkung besteht ein Veräußerungsverbot. Der Erhaltungsverein bekommt das Gehrecht von der Via Salis Schaustelle beim Maria Theresia Stollen über die Knappenstiege bis zur Bergsäge. Außerdem bekommt der Verein für Erhaltungs- und Versorgungsfahrten das Fahrrecht am Zufahrtsweg von der Radgraben-Straße. Dieser Zufahrtsweg ist leider in einem sehr schlechten, sanierungsbedürftigen Zustand. Auf diese Situation weisen im Vertrag einige für uns sehr wichtige Punkte hin. Schließlich bekommt der Erhaltungsverein von den Salinen Immobilien noch eine finanzielle Starthilfe von 11.000.- €, die für die dringend nötige Dachsanierung verwendet wird. Geplante Sanierungsarbeiten: Da das Gebäude der Bergsäge dringend sanierungsbedürftig ist, sind nachfolgende Baumaßnahmen zeitnah geplant. Dachsanierung: Bereits im Dezember 2024 erfolgte die Auftragsvergabe für die Neueindeckung des gesamten Sägegebäudes an die Fa. Lukic Dach GmbH, Bad Ischl. Die Sanierungsarbeiten sollen nach Unterzeichnung des revidierten Schenkungsvertrages im Mai 2025 starten. Erneuerung der nord- und westseitigen Außenfassade: Wegen der schwierigen bachseitigen Zugänglichkeit soll das für die Dachsanierung aufgebaute Gerüst auch für die Erneuerung der Außenfassade weiter benützt werden. Die Fassadensanierung samt Austausch der schadhaften Teile des Bodenkranzes soll im Sommer 2025 erfolgen. Schaffung eines Lager- und Technikraumes unterhalb der Saumsäge: Unter der Saumsäge soll auf einem stabilen Betonfundament in Riegelbauweise ein versperrbarer Lager- bzw. Technikraum errichtet werden. Einbau von Schiebetüren: Anstatt der derzeitigen Klapptore beim Holzplatz sollen stabile, versperrbare Holz-Schiebetore eingebaut werden. Errichtung eines Schauraumes im Zubau der Säumsäge: Im Bereich der Saumsäge ist mittelfristig die Errichtung eines abgeschlossenen Schauraumes geplant. Dort sollen Exponate aus dem Bereich der Bergsäge sowie des Pernecker Salzbergbaues ausgestellt werden. Finanzielle Situation: Der Erhaltungsverein Bergsäge Maria Theresia Stollen ist ein gemeinnütziger Verein, dessen Aktivitäten aus Mitgliedsbeiträgen, Spenden und Förderungen finanziert werden müssen. Von den oben angeführten Sanierungsarbeiten kann derzeit lediglich die Dachsanierung sowie ein Teil der Außenfassade finanziert werden. Damit ist die Bausubstanz der Bergsäge mittelfristig gesichert. Die Umsetzung der weiteren, angedachten Baumaßnahmen hängt ganz wesentlich von möglichen Spenden und Förderungen, sowie von der Bereitschaft der Vereinsmitglieder sich bei Arbeitseinsätzen zu beteiligen, ab.

06 Der Kaiserin Ludovika- Stollen Stollenname: „Kaiserin Maria Theresia – Stollen“ bis 11. Juni 1808 „Kaiserin Maria Ludovika – Stollen“ ab 11. Juni 1808 Dritte Gattin von Kaiser Franz II., Heirat am 04.01.1808 in Wien Angeschlagen: 1747 Länge: 1.013 m Seehöhe: 764 m Der Kaiserin Maria Theresia – Stollen wurde 1747 eröffnet. Dieser wurde aber nach der von Befahrung Ihrer Allerhöchsten kk Majestäten am 11. Juni 1808 in Kaiserin Maria Ludovika –Stollen umbenannt. Der Kaiserin Maria Ludovika – Stollen wurde exakt 48 Höhenmeter unterm Kaiserin Elisabeth – Stollen angelegt. Es waren 1013 m taubes Gestein zu durchörtern bis man an das begehrte Salz gelangte. Bei einer Vortriebsleistung von etwa 30 Laufmeter pro Jahr im Dreischichtbetrieb ein langwieriges Unterfangen. Um die Bauführung der Ludovika Stollen – Hauptschachtricht zu beschleunigen wurden zwei Gegenbaue angelegt. Der Erste wurde vom Solinger Schurf aus tagwärts angegangen, wobei bereits 1752 der Durchschlag gemacht werden konnte. Der Zweite wurde vom Ablass der Monsperg – Wehr tagwärts und vom Sollinger Schurf bergwärts angelegt; 1761 trafen die beiden Vortriebe glücklich zusammen. Ein Stück oberhalb des Stollens am Wiesenrand steht das monumentale „Obere“ oder „Ludovika – Berghaus“, erbaut 1769. Es ist das älteste noch erhaltene Berghaus am Ischler Salzberg. Der Betriebsstandort für den Abbau des Pernecker Salzlagers wurde 1769 zum Ludovika – Stollen verlegt, wo er bis 1884 verbleibt. Wegen des rolligen, mit schiebenden Tonschichten durchsetzten Gebirges konnten gut 34 Stabel (41m) der Ludovika Stollen – Hauptschachtricht vom Mundloch bergwärts trotz massiver Verzimmerung nicht offengehalten werden. 1791 kam es zu massiven Verbrüchen der Hauptschachtricht in diesem Streckenabschnitt. Da das neu errichtete Berghaus nur 17 Stabel (20,3m) oberhalb der verstürzten Stollenachse lag, drohte dieses einzusinken. Als Sicherungsmaßnahme wurde die Hauptschachtricht unterhalb des Berghauses komplett verstürzt und 1792 eine 80 Stabel (95,4m) lange Umbaustrecke in Gegenbauführung errichtet. Situation der Wehren im Maria Theresia – Stollen, später Ludovika – Stollen um 1800: Länge vom Mundloch bis zur Salzgrenze 835 Stabel (995,3m), von da bis zum Feldort 477 Stabel (568,6m). 2 Kehren mit 9 brauchbaren Wehren. Die immer größer werdende Bedeutung des Ischler Salzberges brachte immer wieder hohe und höchste Persönlichkeiten in diesen Winkel des Kammergutes. Am bekanntesten waren wohl die Besuche Kaiser Franz I. mit seiner Gemahlin Ludovika und mehreren Erzherzögen mit der Befahrung des Kaiserin Ludovika Stollens in den Jahren 1808 und 1814. Der Ischler Bergmeister Anton Dicklberger verfasste Denksprüche, die auf den Granitpyramiden des Kaiserin Ludovika – Stollens verewigt wurden. Erinnerung an den Kaiser – Besuch 1808 am Sockel der linken Pyramide: Franz und Loiße. Sie befuhren, Diese Berges innern Schoß, Wo die Hoheit Segensspuren, In des Salzes Fülle goß, Lang leb in Glanz und Freuden, Unser hohes Kaiserpaar, Lang blüh in späteren Zeiten, Dieser Salzberg immerdar. Erinnerung an den Kaiser – Besuch 1814 am Sockel der rechten Pyramide: Franz der Beste aller Väter, Deutschlands Stolz, Europens Retter, der des Feindes Macht gedämpft, und Friedenspsalm erkämpft, ist mit Anton und Theresen, Ferdinanden hier gewesen.“ Anno Dom. MDCCCXIV Die Aufstellung der Pyramiden vor dem Stollenmundloch wurde durch einen Erlass der k. k. Hofkammer vom 1. Juni 1818 mit einem Kostenaufwand von 322 fl. 53 kr. bewilligt. Ursprünglich befanden sich auf den beiden Pyramiden noch 2 vergoldete Kaiserkronen mit Szepter und Schwert, die auf Polster ruhten. Sie dürften vor 1900 abmontiert worden sein. Das Abbaufeld blieb im Ludovika Stollen unverändert klein, wenige 100m lang und nur 50 bis 60m breit, so dass nur eine Reihe Solegewinnungswerke angelegt werden konnte. Außerdem wechselte die Reichhaltigkeit des Salzgebirges noch stark. 1839 mussten viele Werker totgesprochen oder in Feier gestellt werden, um das Tiefergreifen des Niederganges im Amalia – Horizont zu vermeiden. Die Chotek – Kehr im Ludovika – Stollen sowie der Poniatovsky – Schurf vom Elisabeth – auf den Ludovika – Stollen mussten zur Ableitung der Raubwässer, die über die Ludovika Stollen – Hauptschachtricht austraten, gesichert werden. Zur besseren Beherrschung der Wasserzutritte wurden ab 1840 die ersten Grubenmauerungen am Ischler Salzberg im Ludovika – Stollen ausgeführt. 1843 war das eingebrochene, auf dem Wege durch das Haselgebirge halbsatt gewordene Wasser über die Schürfe schon auf die Chotek – Kehr im Ludovika – Stollen in so großer Menge vorgedrungen, dass die halbgrädige Sole in den noch verfügbaren Einschlagwerken fast nicht mehr Platz gefunden hätte. Situation der Wehren im Kaiserin Ludovika – Stollen um 1850: Insgesamt 10 Wehren, davon 8 totgesprochen und 2 brauchbar. Nagel - und Grünwald - Wehr (verschnitten), Nefzern - Wehr, Zinsendorf - Wehr, Erzherzog Karl - Wehr, Lemberg - und Sollinger - Wehr (verschnitten), Schiller – Wehr; Stuppan – Wehr und Lebenau - Wehr um 1850 noch in Betrieb. Die Fremdenbefahrung führte von ca. 1800 bis 1934 über den Ludovika – in den Josef – Stollen. Vom Stollenmundloch ging man entweder zu Fuß auf dem Gestänge oder man ließ sich in den zu kleinen Wägelchen hergerichteten Grubenhunten in den Berg hineinschieben. Zur Befahrung wurden die Grubenhunte ordentlich zusammengerichtet, einige sogar mit Laternen versehen. Als Mannschaft ging ein Leuchtmann voraus, daneben ein Ziehender, und je nach Gewichtsverhältnis ein oder zwei nachschiebende Bergleute. Seit ca. 1800 war für die Fremdenbefahrung die Erzherzog Karl - Wehr vorgesehen, die 30 Klafter (56,9m) lang, und 25 Klafter (47,4m) breit war, sowie über 60 000 Eimer (3.400m³) Sole fasste. In der Abbaukammer konnten alle Manipulationszweige der Salzgewinnung besichtigt werden. Der Befahrungsweg erfolgte über die Ludovika – Stollen Hauptschachtricht und die Chotek – Kehr in die Erzherzog Karl – Wehr, dann wieder über zurück die Chotek – Kehr zum Lemberger – Schurf, der in den Josef – Stollen hinunterführte. Über die Josef Stollen – Hauptschachtricht fuhr man wieder aus. Die Gesamtlänge des Führungsweges lag bei rund 3.500m. Am 5. März 1934 wurde der vordere Teil des Ludovika – Stollens sowie der Lemberger – Schurf vom Ludovika – in den Josef – Stollen zum letzten Mal befahren, da diese Grubenstrecken infolge Umlegung des Fremdenweges in den Maria Theresia – Stollen aufgelassen wurden. Verwendete Quellen: Carl Schraml „Das oberösterreichische Salinenwesen von 1750 bis zur Zeit nach den Franzosenkriegen“, Wien 1934 Carl Schraml „Das oberösterreichische Salinenwesen von 1818 bis zum Ende des Salzamtes 1850“, Wien 1936 Ischler Heimatverein „Bad Ischl Heimatbuch 2004“, Bad Ischl 2004 Leopold Schiendorfer „Perneck – Ein Dorf im Wandel der Zeit“, Linz 2006 Johann Steiner „Der Reisegefährte durch die Oberösterreichische Schweiz“, Linz 1820, Reprint Gmunden 1981 Georg Kanzler „Ischls Chronik“, Ischl 1881, Reprint Bad Ischl 1983 Michael Kefer „Beschreibung Hauptkarten des kk Salzberges zu Ischl“, 1820, Transkription Thomas Nussbaumer, Stand 13.09.2016 Restored tunnel portal 24.8.2019: Ludovikastollen Congratulations to the Ischler Heimatverein and many thanks to the companies involved and all supporters.