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- 12 Johannesstollen | glueckauf
12 The John tunnel Stud Name: "St. John of Nepomuk - Stollen" originally watering scree, named after "water saints" Struck: 1725 Leave: 1831 Length: 230 m Altitude: 991 m In 1725, the St. Johannes tunnel was struck to bring in the still unleached mountain thickness of 10 Stabel (11.9m) between the Matthias and Obernberg tunnels and to leach existing works above the level of the Matthias tunnel. Initially, this building was only intended to serve as ventilation and drainage for the princes' weir. However, when the salt was reached during the excavation of this Ebenschurf in 1730 and the cleansing pit was connected to the princes' weir by sinking, the still unnamed building was given the name St. John of Nepomuk tunnels. The St Johannes tunnel – main shaft was driven entirely in the squeezing clay rock. The tunnel timbering lasted barely 1 year. Therefore, 2 scaffolds were constantly needed to keep the tunnel open to traffic. Situation of the weirs in the St. Johannes tunnel around 1800: Length from the mouth hole to the salt boundary 219 bars (261.7 m), from there to the field site 190 bars (227.1 m). 2 hairpin bends with a total of 3 weirs, 2 of which are unusable (Fürsten - and Wimmer - Weir) and 1 usable (Zierler - Weir). Because of the rich salt mountains, the decision was made to extend the prince's weir beyond the Matthias tunnel. For this purpose, a cleaning pit, a sink works and 2 dam outlets were built from the St. Johannes tunnel. In 1733 the prince's weir could be watered again in order to be able to use the thickness of the mountain down to the St. Johannes tunnel. In 1744 the prince's weir went down because it was too close to the overlying rock and fresh water had broken in. The princes' weir now had to be dammed up and abandoned. The Kain and Tratl weir in the Matthias tunnel, which had been in operation since 1648, was also to be leached beyond the Matthias tunnel. Since the Kain and Tratl weir had already fallen into disrepair, a sinkage was sunk from the St. Johannes tunnel in 1738. In doing so, devious brine was encountered. In 1764, a second sinkage, located further towards the day, was sunk from the St. Johannes adit - main shaft against the Kain and Tratl weir. After the construction of 2 dams, the facility, now known as the Zierler weir, could be watered again and watered higher towards the St. Johannes tunnel. In 1802 there was an unexpected decline in the factory, which relocated the two drain boxes of the Zierler weir. The drain boxes could be found under the companionway and prepared. In 1807 the factory went down again. The Zierler weir, which had been emptied down to 17 rooms (1,924m³), could no longer be emptied any further. In 1 week, only ½ room (57m³) of brine drained away, then the drain dried up completely. Since the old sinkage also became completely unusable due to the decline, a new sinkage had to be sunk, and through this, the brine still in the weir had to be laboriously pumped up. The Wimmer weir was built in the eastern part of the St. Johannes tunnel to use the salt agents that remained behind the Zierler weir. However, since there was a risk when the Wimmer weir was flooded that the surface water in the Lipplesgraben tunnel could break through and the salt mountains were very poor, it was completely abandoned again in 1781. Around 1800, the weirs in the Johannes tunnel were largely exhausted. Despite the rich salt deposits that were still available in places, these could not be used further because they were too close to the surface and there was a risk of fresh water ingress. The remaining mountain forts were necessary to support the mountains and were not allowed to be weakened under any circumstances. The tunnel hut near the St. Johannes tunnel burned down completely in 1787. Situation of the weirs in the St. Johannes tunnel around 1850: A total of 3 weirs, all pronounced dead around 1850; Wimmer - weir, Zierler - weir, princes - weir. Until 1933, the drainage path led in the St. Johannes tunnel from the water intake point on the Sulzbach via the drainage pit to the main shaft and on to the Saherböck pit, over which the water flowed down into the Matthias tunnel. The rear part of the St. Johannes tunnel was finally abandoned. Sources used: Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian salt works from the beginning of the 16th to the middle of the 18th century", Vienna 1932 Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian Salt Works from 1750 to the time after the French Wars", Vienna 1934 Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian Salt Works from 1818 to the end of the Salt Office in 1850", Vienna 1936 Leopold Schiendorfer "Perneck - A Village Through the Ages", Linz 2006 Johann Steiner "The traveling companion through Upper Austrian Switzerland", Linz 1820, reprint Gmunden 1981 Georg Chancellor "Ischl's chronicle", Ischl 1881, reprint Bad Ischl 1983 Michael Kefer "Description of the main maps of the kk Salzberg zu Ischl", 1820, transcription by Thomas Nussbaumer, as of September 13, 2016 Anton Dicklberger "Systematic history of the salt pans of Upper Austria", Volume I, Ischl 1807, transcription by Thomas Nussbaumer, as of 06.2018
- Holzbedarf zur Salzgewinnung | glueckauf
The wood requirement for salt production using the example of the Saline lschl (1571-1965) Günther Hattinger Austrian forest newspaper 12/1988: The following post will be about the importance of the forest and timber industry for the salt extraction in the Salzkammergut, in particular for the Saline Bad Ischl, at the end of the 19th century and quantitative information is also given on wood consumption. The burning of wood as an energy source for the production of salt in Austria and the resulting overuse of the forest and wood industry has been part of the technical and economic history for more than 100 years. The development of salt mining in lschl (opened in 1563), but especially that of the saltworks in lschl (1571-1965), is closely related to the forests of today's Strobl forest administration. Large need for wood The forests in Upper Austria's Rettenbach and Mitterweissenbachtal were enough for the cover of Do not delete the need of the salt-weather out of. Originally, contracts with the Archdiocese of Salzburg also had to fall back on the "Salzburger Waldungen". It was not only necessary to cover the wood requirements for the operation of the saltworks (the panhouse), but also for mining, the production of salt packaging (Küfel .- and Fassel production), the transport of salt on the waterways (shipbuilding), for the buildings of the hermitage and drift system and the various allowance claims. The order of magnitude in 1720 With a production of around 30,000 t of salt in the entire Upper Austrian Salzkammergut (Saline Ebensee, lschl and Hallstatt) for salt production 160,000 rm, for runner production and the reed construction 53,000 rm and for defense construction, brewing and deputate 60,000 rm, a total of 273,000 cubic meters of wood was used. In the 17th century, the need for firewood for the Saline in lschl to produce salt was between 21,000 rm and 24,000 rm with an annual production of 5400 t to 6300 t of salt. In the 18th century this should be due to the production figures of the saltworks partly even exceeded 25,000 rm every year. The specific wood consumption in rm wood/t salt could only be reduced by almost 10% during these two centuries. Due to the increased salt production during this period, this did not have a relieving effect on the forest manager. During this period, the technology of salt production in round pans (old Austrian pan) with flat grates for firing was subject to little change, despite increasing attempts at improvement, especially in the 18th century. Spruce and fir wood in demand For firing, a large flame was required that gave off sudden heat Spruce and fir wood. The wood was on 6 1/2 shoes cut to length beech wood was only for firing the dry houses (Ppiesel) for the used to dry the salt fodder. In later times, up to a quarter of beech wood was allowed to be added to the wood for firing the pans, the "Hallwid". Lack of wood led to rationalization The looming shortage of wood led to rationalization measures. In the first half of the 19th century, the introduction of the "Tyrolean pan" (1823) and the construction of the Kolowrat brewhouse (1834) with a double pan and finally the introduction of the pull grate in the furnaces instead of the flat grate a significant reduction in wood consumption. Increasing salt production compensates for a reduction in wood consumption/t of salt During this period, the specific wood requirement fell by 35% from around 3.4 rm/t salt to around 2.2 rm/t salt. Around the middle of the 19th century, salt production at the Saline Ischl was 14,000 t/year. But even this notable reduction in specific wood consumption in the salt works could only compensate for the additional demand for salt production, but did not bring any relief to forestry. Coal firing brings relaxation to the forest This only happened with the introduction of coal firing in the Saline lschl in the years 1881-1886. The prerequisite for this was the construction of the railway line Stainach-Irdning-Attnang-Puchheim, the "Kronprinz-Rudolf-Bahn" in 1877, which transported coal from the Hausruck-Revier made possible. With the introduction of coal firing, gas firing with generator gas was also tried, as was the gasification of wood. The gas firing, which is more economical in itself in terms of heat technology, was not able to prevail over coal firing with stepped grates and later with movable grates. Pure coal firing for the production of pan salt remained in the Saline Ischl until production was finally stopped in 1965. Use of thermocompression In 1979, a new saltworks with a current production capacity of 440,000 tons of salt per year was put into operation in Ebensee. This saline, which works as a thermocompression plant with evaporators, covers more than 90% of Austria's salt production, in addition to the Hallein saline, which works according to the same principle. Salinen AG. With this technology, electrical energy is mainly used to drive the thermocompression system, which works as an open heat pump, and only a small proportion of caloric energy in the form of heavy fuel oil. Due to the high yield of thermocompression systems, the total energy consumption is only 0.9 GJ/1 salt (gigajoule/t salt). This energy expenditure is in the range of 5 to 10% the expense of open pans fired with coal or earlier with wood. It clearly shows the success of technological development over the past 100 years and especially in the last few decades. Wood shaped culture before the 19th century The German economist Werner SOMBART made the following statement in his 1919 work "Der Moderne Capitalism", which is largely valid for our region: "All European culture - the intellectual no less than the material one - emerged from the forest. The wood took hold all areas of cultural existence, was the prerequisite for the flowering of old branches of economic life and formed the general substance of all things to such an extent that culture before the 19th century had a decidedly wooden character.” Sources used: Günther Hattinger Austrian forest newspaper 12/1988 Use of the Salzburg forests at the Abersee by the Saline Ischl JOHANN OSTERMANN Austrian forest newspaper 12/1988 The political developments in the first years of the reign of FERDINAND I (1521 to 1560) resulted in an enormous boom in the salt trade and the associated salt production. How did that happen? In the Battle of Mohacs in 1526 the last Jagiellonian LUDWIG II, King of Bohemia and Hungary, fell in battle against the Turks. As he left no descendants, Bohemia and Hungary fell to his brother-in-law Ferdinand, who was married to Anne of Bohemia. This allowed the Austrian salt trade to be extended to the Kingdom of Bohemia. Due to the increased salt production, the salt pans were enlarged and their number increased. In search of new salt stores they found what they were looking for in lschl and on July 25, 1563 the Mitterberg tunnel was opened. The main problem of all salt pans was always having enough wood for the brewing pans. So one tried either to bring enough wood to the saltworks or, as in later years, to lead the salt to the wood through brine pipes, as was the case with the construction of the Ebensee saltworks. Although the salt mine and the lschl saltworks, put into operation in 1571, were in a very densely wooded area, it was necessary to look out for wood reserves in good time and also to take care to protect our own forests. Long before wood was delivered from the archbishop's forests at Abersee for the salt works in lschl, the lschl salt manufacturers, who were middle-class entrepreneurs, obtained Kufhoz and ship wood from the forests of the Mondsee monastery, from an area between Königsberg and lschl. The supply of wood to the salt flats is secured When the Austrian Obersalzamt in Gmunden approached Salzburg to secure wood consumption in lschl by using the Abersee forests, both sides were helped. After all, the Salzburg smelting works such as the Saline Hallein or the iron works in Rupertiwinkel were too far away to ensure economic use. In 1579, a treaty was signed between Emperor RUDOLF II. (1576-1612) and Prince-Archbishop JOHANN JAKOB VON KUEN-BELASY (1560-1586). At the beginning of the contract, reference was made to the then Emperor MAXIMILIAN II (1564-1576), who already concluded a contract with Salzburg in 1565, which stipulated the use of the Salzburg forests, which are in the area of today's Rußbach forester district of the Gosau forest administration, for the salt works regulated in Hallstatt. salt for wood In the contract of 1579, Salzburg obliges itself, initially from the forests of the Hüttenstein custodial court, the later St. Gilgen court, to the "Ischlerische Salzstätten" "Seven hundred pans Widt" correspond to 32,900 cubic meters of wood to burn in the brewing pans, 1 pan is calculated at 67 cubic meters or 47 cubic meters. The wood is to be taken from the following "Waldorthen": ".... to kindle at the Rinpach, and from there to the Wildten Cammer up from the Gassengraben to the Kürchweg." Then from the other side of the "Rünpach" up to the "Kaltenpach". If the 700 pans are not reached in this area, the felling should be extended to the "Unckhenpach". This corresponds to the area from the Rettenkogel, via the Rinnkogel to the Wilden Kammer, which is bordered by the Weissenbach in the west Salzburg permitted salt to be exported from the Hallein Saline to the Kingdom of Bohemia and to the imperial principalities and imperial cities that were interested in it. Wood use is regulated Only master woodworkers and woodcutters who were subjects of Salzburg were allowed to cut wood. In order to prevent damage to the rest of the forest and to the regeneration, the way in which the felling had to be carried out was precisely prescribed: "Sixthly, the pre-determined Waldörther should be chopped up and processed from underrists to colonels and from hindists to foreman and in a Waldmann manner so that the honeyed wood wax is harmed and left behind." protection for subjects By delivering the "Hall Widts" to the Saline, however, the subjects were not allowed to suffer any disadvantage in their purchase of wood, and the right to graze, the so-called "Pluem visit" not be affected. Bringing and hitting had to be done with "such care, so that the same can be done with the least amount of damage", and if the Salzburg subjects suffered damage from the wood deliveries at their base, "should in your Kay:(happy) May:(estät) Same damage will be increased and removed". The contract stipulated that twenty to thirty pans of wood, i.e. 1340 rm to 2010 rm of wood, were felled in the designated area every year. First Timber Order In 1581 In 1581, two years after the contract on the use of the Abersee forests by the Salzamt in lschl, a "timber regulation" was issued for the Hüttenstein court, which was intended to guarantee a more controlled use of the Salzburg forests in the court. In the introduction to the new timber regulation it is stated that the subjects of Salzburg took wood from the princely forests for their own use, but also for sale as ship or kufholz for lschl, at their own discretion and the forest care was completely neglected, so that "also the wood wax has been noticeably prevented, and therefore there is a great lack of wood". Wood is assigned The new forest ordinance stipulated that the subjects were only allowed to chop the wood that was shown to them on a stick by the chief woodsman or sub-woodsman. Fourteen days before or after Christmas, the chief woodsman, in the presence of the caretaker von Hüttenstein, announced in St. Gilgen how much wood the subjects were allowed to chop and where. The Oberwaldmeister had to give special consideration to the "poor Heusseßigen Unndterthonen, who Ir notturfft Traidt nit rein in on their goods" when awarding woodwork. Rollover will be severely penalized Since the Ischl salt manufacturers often advanced the Aberseer wood suppliers more money than was necessary for the work done, more wood was felled and carelessly, which from now on was subject to severe punishment. The subjects had Kufholz 45 kr. for a pound (pan), Schiffholz for a five (type of ship) and six 12 kr., for a seven 24 kr. and for a pan of firewood 16 kr. floor right to pay. In order to compensate for the different amount of work or income that occurred with the three different types of wood, the allocation had to be changed every year. For the export to lschl, wood for 150 zills and 100 pounds of Kufholz was approved annually. Firewood was not limited. Wood reserves are formed Unmarried servants and farmer's sons were not allowed to run "woodwork" on their own. They were only allowed to be employed as woodcutters with wages by farmers who had a permit be refurbished, but if it was sold to lschl, the stock rights first had to be paid for. So that there were enough wood reserves for Hallein’s own saltworks and because of the game, the chief forest master was instructed to give the Hüttenstein subjects in the high and black forests, “namely the Praitenperg , Wislwald . .. the like in the forests, such as in the Hintersee tall leagues". The first forest house The construction of the "housing" for an "undter Waldmaister" (forester) in Abersee can be seen as a forerunner of today's forest administration in Strobl. He was responsible for forest matters in the courts of Hüttenstein, Wartenfels and Mondsee, as far as they concerned Salzburg interests. Deciduous wood harmful to the Black Forest The wood goods producers and wheelwrights, as well as the blacksmiths of the Hüttenstein and Wartenfels courts, were allowed to take maple, elm and beech from the Black Forest "since such hardwood is harmful to the Black Forest anyway". When Austria set up its own salt deposits in Passau in 1596 In order to deliver salt to Bohemia, the Hüttenstein court was ordered to stop the supply of wood to lschl, whereupon Austria blocked the supply of grain and wine from lschl to Salzburg, but the dispute was resolved in 1600 by Archbishop Wolf Dietrich (1587-1612) and Rudolf II. settled. The farmers made mountain pastures out of the free forest areas, against which Austria unsuccessfully protested. As a result of the founding of alpine pastures no young forest grew up, the felling of wood was continually expanded: 1646 on the Breitenberg, in the Kögl and Eichenbrunn forests, 1695 in the Schreinbach and Zinkenbachtal, 1734 in the Zwerchenberg and Ruprechtsgraben forests, 1770 the forests in the Kammersbach, on the Scharfen, Schnitzhof, Sonntags-Kendl and again at Breitenberg. Finally, it should be noted that the large areas of alpine pasture in today's forest administration in Strobl are not due to the use of the forest by the lschler Saline, but to "impertinent alpine drivers". called. Sources used: JOHANN OSTERMANN Austrian forest newspaper 12/1988
- 22 Dicklberger Strasse | glueckauf
22 Antonius Dicklberger Strasse Anton Dicklberger: Miner from the Ischl salt mine Biography: Anton Dicklberger, born in 1780, married to his wife Walpurga, lived in Bad Ischl until the end of his life (first tenant of the Franz-Berghaus built in 1813). As a man of iron diligence, thorough knowledge and rich experience, he was appointed mountain master at the Ischler Salzberg in 1808. During his tenure, he taught five pupils (mountain students) without special compensation. The Hofkammer chose him as a mining expert to estimate and appraise various mines. Dicklberger worked for years on his comprehensive history of the Upper Austrian salt pans and has thus set himself a lasting and honorable monument. On April 15, 1817, he was able to present the two-volume work to the Salt Office. For his meritorious work he was awarded the middle gold civil medal with the Öhr by the court chamber as the highest award and in grateful recognition of his hard work for the creation of the history of the salt works in Upper Austria he was presented with an honorary gift of 50 ducats. With increasing age he became ailing, began a one-year holiday in 1836, never returned to service and retired in 1838. He died in 1840. His widow had a monument with a Latin inscription erected on the grave, which contains the following wording in German: "Here rests the honorable Mr. Antonius Dicklberger, imperial-royal mountain master of the Ischler salt works, best deserved and distinguished, who died at the age of 61 on 22. Oct. 1840 piously fell asleep in the Lord. May he rest in peace.” In 2010, in honor of the deserving miner, the Bad Ischl town hall in the village of Eck named a street after him - "Antonius-Dicklberger-Straße". Thomas Nussbaumer from Bad Ischl, a former employee of the saltworks, translated the historical work into its current form of writing and published it in 2018 as a two-volume work with a DVD of the original edition.
- Knappenkost und Knappentrunk | glueckauf
Knappenkost and Knappendrink In addition to leftover food, clothing and equipment, human faeces that are up to 3000 years old have been preserved in the Alpine salt mountains. From the wealth of finds that have been made in recent years, especially in the Hallstatt salt mine, you can get a good picture of the eating habits of the Bronze Age miners. Findings of cooking spoons and shards of large pots indicate that cooking was carried out directly on site in the pit. Large charred pieces of wood show that powerful pit fires were maintained, which not only served as a source of light and cooking fires, but also warmed the pit weather and thus increased the weather draft. What was being prepared over the great cooking fires a good 3000 years ago? The remains of barley, millet and broad beans as well as splinters of gnawed animal bones can be found in the excrement of the Hallstatt miners. The main course of the Hallstatt miners was probably a hearty stew made from pulses and rinds of inferior meat, similar to today's Ritschert. They drank water or milk from small wooden vessels. Examination of the excrement also revealed that practically all miners were infested with intestinal worms. This led to abdominal pain, colic and diarrhea. The Hallstatt miners suffered from massive joint arthrosis because of the hard work. In addition, the carbohydrate-rich diet led to severe tooth decay. So the prehistoric Hallstatt miner was a nearly toothless miner bent over from work, constantly looking for a quiet place. Truly not a nice miner's life!!! The closest information about miner's diet comes from early medieval writings. These sources provide important information about the food needed, its prices and the great difficulties in obtaining food Even in the Middle Ages, daily food was one-sided and lacking in vitamins. Before the early shift started, the miners prepared their mush from rye flour, water and salt. For lunch they ate bread and bacon without exception. In the evening you ate egg dough dishes like Schmarrn or Nocken. Table drinks were mostly water and milk. Large amounts of alcohol could generally only be drunk on non-working days, such as church festivals or public holidays. There was more than enough of that. In the Salzkammergut of the 17th century, the miners had 58 non-working holidays a year. The fact that some miners resorted to drugs because of poor nutrition and hard work seems understandable today. Alcohol was seen as a tonic and a cure for diseases. Since it was very difficult to supply the miners with free purchases on the markets, payment in kind was introduced in many mines. The trades set the exact quantity of provisions to be delivered and their price. The provisions essentially consisted of grain, lard and bacon. In around 1553, a married worker in the Carinthian gold mine was given 3 kg of flour, 1 kg each of lard and meat, and 10 loaves of bread for 14 days. If one assumes that the trades charged the miners an average of 20% higher prices, this resulted in an additional profit for the trades that should not be neglected. The trades also endeavored to give the miners as little cash as possible, as they thought they would only spend it on drink, games and women anyway. With this "free money" the miners had to buy all other food and luxury goods such as some salt, oil, vegetables, wine or schnapps from the trades at exorbitant prices. Old files report on a special feature of the Salzkammergut - salt pans: In 1815, 70,000 miners or 3,100 tons of grain were needed to supply the 2,900 Arab salt miners and their families. Most of the grain had to be obtained from Hungary by ship via the Danube and Traun, which was expensive. In order to lower the supply costs, under Maria Theresia a marriage license was introduced by the salt office for young miners. When grain prices were high, the Oberamt simply stopped issuing marriage licenses. As a result, the number of families to be cared for was quickly reduced. But the young, marriageable men left the Salzkammergut in droves because of the ban. The urge to start a family was greater than the joy of the poorly paid drudgery in the state salt mines. Grinding their teeth, the Oberamt had to withdraw the marriage bans again and again and even pay marriage money so that the young people could return to the Salzkammergut. An important step towards food supply in the Salzkammergut was the introduction of potato cultivation from 1765. The population soon got used to eating potatoes, and cultivation of them increased rapidly. In 1807 more than 50 tons of potatoes were harvested in the Salzkammergut. Around the middle of the 18th century, wage payments in Austrian mining increased as the situation on the free market improved significantly. Merchants were able to supply food at affordable prices to even the most remote Tauern valleys. With more cash now available to miners, alcohol consumption became a real problem. A letter from the Vordernberger trades from 1792 states: "Any cash income that goes beyond the most urgent need, only tempts the worker to drink, play and idleness." Even in the 19th century, miners' fare remained inadequate and one-sided. Lack of milk throughout the long winter, little meat, mostly only flour food, very rarely vegetables, but earlier and excessive alcohol consumption meant that the average life expectancy was well under 50 years. From the end of the 19th century, industrially produced alcohol became cheaper and more widespread. Beers from innumerable breweries increasingly displaced must, schnapps and wine from rural production. The food situation only improved at the end of the 19th century. With the founding of workers' consumption cooperatives, the food supply was significantly expanded and also made more affordable. Nevertheless, lard, bacon and flour remained the most important foodstuffs, along with potatoes and corn, well into the 20th century. Meat dishes, usually beef, were only served on Sundays and public holidays. Social history of nutrition in the Salzkammergut All details about the Ischler Salzberg and mining in general
- Impressum | glueckauf
imprint Media owner according to §25 Media Act Media owner : IGM (interest group Mitterbergstollen) Address: 4820 Bad Ischl Contact: Horst Feichtinger E-mail: horst.feichtinger@gmx.at privacy Personal Data Personal data that you transmit to us electronically on this website, such as e-mail address, or other personal information as part of the registration for the forum will only be used by us Used for the purpose of forum administration, kept safe and not passed on to third parties. We therefore only use your personal data for communication with those visitors who expressly request contact and for the processing of the service offered on this website. We do not pass on your personal data without your consent, but we cannot rule out that this data will be viewed in the event of illegal behavior. If you send us personal data by e-mail - thus outside of this website - we cannot guarantee a secure transmission and the protection of your data. We recommend that you never send confidential data unencrypted by e-mail. Your rights In principle, you have the right to information, correction, deletion, restriction, data transferability, revocation and objection. If you believe that the processing of your data violates data protection law or your data protection rights have otherwise been violated in any way, you can complain to the supervisory authority. In Austria, this is the data protection authority, whose websites you can visit https://www.dsb.gv.at/ . Google Analytics Privacy Policy This website uses the "Google Analytics" tracking tool for statistical evaluations. Relevant data protection information can be found here: http://www.google.com/intl/de/policies/privacy Miscellaneous Disclaimer: Despite careful content control, we assume no liability for the content of external links. The operators of the linked pages are solely responsible for their content. Photos: Archive IGM Concept, web design and implementation: IGM
- Frauen- und Kinderarbeit im Salzberg | glueckauf
Women and child labor in salt mining
- 09 Bergkirche | glueckauf
09 mountain church The Ischler Bergkirche is owned by the Austrian Salinas and was founded in 1985 at a cost of about ATS 600,000.00 (EUR 43,603.70) and the roof was re-covered with larch shingles in 1994. A commemorative publication was published on the occasion of the restoration in 1985. She tells us about the history of the building: " With kk Deputat order of October 23, 1747 it was agreed, among other things, that a chapel should be erected at the marked location and if it is not possible with less expense, the 500 guilders shown for this purpose may also be used (Resol. Book 1745 - 1750; p . 339), whereupon the chapel was built in 1751.” According to oral tradition, miners' fines were also used for the construction. Empress Maria Theresia ordered the building of the chapel. It is known from various historical sources that Luther's forbidden teachings were widespread among the salt workers at the time and that this chapel was intended to strengthen the Catholic faith among the workers again. Due to the tolerance patent of Emperor Josef II (1781), a more tolerant spirit also returned to the Salzkammergut, especially at the salt pans. The commemorative publication goes on to tell us: “Ever since this chapel was built, the Catholic priest from the Ischler Bergbruderlade has enjoyed two guilders for preaching a sermon on the St. Barbara festival. With the decree of May 1st, 1786, the Salzoberamt Gmunden granted the Protestant pastor von Goisern an annual guilder for the same purpose at the request of the non-Catholic miners.” The Ischler Bergkirche served both denominations for worship very early on, long before ecumenism brought the Christian churches closer together. Finally, I want to add the verses by Jolanthe Haßlwander: The Miners' Church in Perneck by Jolanthe Hasslwander I know a little church deep in the forest on a steep rocky ground, this is the squire's stay in a prayerful hour! Saint Barbara, the helper in all mountain dangers, stands ready here, with a true mind to keep the squires. And in front of the beautiful high altar Mary looks down too and gladly blesses the small crowd, she hears the miners' songs. In this church silent hat itself pious the squires tend and then, strengthened with new courage, to descend to the layer. (Leopold Schiendorfer, Perneck A village through the ages mining saint »
- Partner | glueckauf
Unsere Partner
- 15 Mitterbergstollen | glueckauf
15 The Mitterberg tunnel Stud Name: "Mitterberg - Stollen" as locality name Struck: 7/25/1563 Length: 130 m Altitude: 886 m Under Emperor Ferdinand I, the Mitterberg tunnel was opened on July 25, 1563 as the first and original salt tunnel on the Ischler Salzberg. A mine survey carried out on October 15, 1567 by Georg Neuhauser Salzamtmann, Balthasar Blindhammer court clerk at Hallstatt, Jakob Schmiedauer Unterpfleger at Wildenstein, with the involvement of the mine masters and other people who were familiar with the work of the salt pans at Hallstatt and Aussee, revealed that in the Mitterberg tunnel there was a shaft with 2 sinkworks in the salted mountains had been sunk. From this, great hopes were drawn of finding a salt store worth building in order to be able to set up a salt works in Ischl. For further investigation of the found salt deposit, it was decided to create a level excavation from the sinkhole sunk at 47 Stabel (56.2m) in the salted mountains and to sunk another sinkhole from the same. As the salt mountain stretched further down, a deeper tunnel was to be built at the "Hohensteg". In 1575, experts from the salt works in Aussee, Hallstatt and Ischl carried out another inspection and consultation on the Ischler Salzberg. In the Mitterberg tunnel there were two prepared pumping works, which were already being used to produce brine. The mountain master and mountain workers from Ischl, who had twice seen the salt industry in Hallein and Schellenberg, suggested driving under these structures through the Steinberg tunnel to avoid the costly brine pumping and cleaning, as was still customary with the salt pans in the Salzkammergut and convert to discharge weirs. This proposal, which was recognized as useful, was carried out, the connection was established with the nearest water dam in the Steinberg tunnel - main shaft and then in the Mitterberg tunnel the first discharge weir according to the "Schellenberger form" of the Upper Austrian salt works was put into operation. This was the start of replacing the ancient pumping stations with drainage works. But it still took a long time to completely suppress them. In a pit plan drawn up in 1654, one can see that the Mitterberg tunnel – the main shaft after 66 5/8 Stabel (79.4m) of driving in the limestone reached the salt mountains. This was lengthened and a 99 bar (118.3 m) long side shaft, the so-called "Neue Kehr", was created. The field site of the Neue Kehr stood in deaf mountains. At the front of the Neue Kehr there was an old weir, already rotten in 1654, which was the first drainage weir, prepared in 1575 according to the Schellenberg model. Behind it was a 44 bar (52.6m) long main pit down the Steinberg tunnel, which was used for weather management and drainage. On the further continuation of the Mitterberg tunnel - main shaft, which is referred to in the Reformation Libel from 1656 as "Krechenschafftgericht" ("straight shaft"), a building was laid out on the right. This was driven under by the then Bergmeister Hanns Kalß and by the worker Wolfgang Kalß to save the expensive scooping and to reduce the costs of cleaning, through the Steinberg tunnel and also made into a weir according to the Schellenberger form. Furthermore, on the left hand side of the main shaft there was a 32 bar (38.2 m) long Ebenschurf, which was initially operated as a detection blow, then connected to the side shaft or "Neuen Kehr" by a wing site and later to a Lettendamm, the "Schwarzel Weir". called, has been devoured. When 34 ½ Stabel (41.2 m) left the salt mountains on the main shaft continuation and fresh water was built, several water openings were knocked out. In addition, the first water tunnel was created 7 Stabel (8.4m) above the Mitterberg tunnel and advanced to a length of 93 Stabel (111.1m). Due to the inexperience of the miners, who believed that the limestone in the back of their heads was a deposit, after which salt would have to come again after it had been breached, strong self-watering waters were approached, the mastering of which caused great difficulties. The total length of the Mitterberg tunnel - main shaft, which had a total gradient of 4 ¼ Stabel (5.1m or 4%), was 108 Stabel (129.1m). Only 65 of these (77.7m) were in the Hasel Mountains, the rest in dense, water-bearing limestone. The outcrops of the Hasel Mountains in the Mitterberg tunnel formed only a small, cut-off part of the main deposit, which was fully utilized by the construction of 3 barrages. The Mitterberg tunnel was already in use around 1656 and was only used to drain mine water. The collapse had already taken place in 1596 and the amount of scraped water was so large that it was able to drive a mill wheel. Despite all the effort, it had not been possible to find the place where the burglary had taken place, and in the end one had to content oneself with collecting the waste water in the main shaft and channeling it to the surface in gutters. Because of the inrush of water in 1596, the main shaft had to be maintained almost entirely in expensive timber. The Mitterberg tunnel also served to ventilate the Steinberg tunnel. In 1689 the Mitterberg tunnel was finally completely abandoned. Sources used: Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian salt works from the beginning of the 16th to the middle of the 18th century", Vienna 1932 Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian Salt Works from 1750 to the time after the French Wars", Vienna 1934 Johann Steiner "The traveling companion through Upper Austrian Switzerland", Linz 1820, reprint Gmunden 1981 Michael Kefer "Description of the main maps of the kk Salzberg zu Ischl", 1820, transcription by Thomas Nussbaumer, as of September 13, 2016 Anton Dicklberger "Systematic history of the salt pans of Upper Austria", Volume I, Ischl 1807, transcription by Thomas Nussbaumer, as of 06.2018 B. Pillwein "History, Geography and Statistics of the Archduchy above the Enns and the Duchy of Salzburg", 2nd part Traunkreis, Linz 1828 Mitterberg - tunnels, routes and buildings, 1757, Solingen, IGM archive Plan Salzberg Bad Ischl in 1654