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13 The Emperor Matthias – tunnels + iron ore Stud Name: "Archduke Matthias - Stollen", from 1612 "Kaiser Matthias - Stollen" Emperor Matthias, reign 1612 – 1619, son of Emperor Maximilian II. Struck: 1577 Length: 420 m Altitude: 959 m In 1577, after looking around for 14 years and still not finding anything special, the mining experts of the Salzamt decided to convert a trial dig from the Neuhauser - Kehr im Obernberg - tunnel into a weir and to dig a new mountain below to drain the brine . It was the Archduke Matthias tunnel that, after nine years of driving through limestone, finally came across salted Haselgebirge. As expected, the Matthias tunnel - main shaft soon reached the rear, eastern salt boundary again. However, a trial transverse building opened up good Haselgebirge over a longer distance. Two mountain inspections were carried out in 1584 for a more expedient opening up of the Ischler Salzberg. In the Archduke Mathias tunnel, because the salt mountains had improved, a new building was to be built behind the so-called water building. In the meantime, in the Matthias tunnel, the main shaft and two test digs had been driven out of the salt into the water-bearing limestone. In 1586 a mountain inspection was carried out again at the Ischler Salzberg. It turned out that the test pit sunk by the Archduke Mathias tunnel had encountered good salt rock over a whole mountain thickness. For this reason, the uncertain investigation work in the mining tunnels at Obereck ("Moosegg") and Roßmoos should be stopped quickly and the Archduke Matthias tunnel should be driven under with a new hill climb, the Neuberg tunnel. ​ Situation of the water dams and weirs in the Kaiser Matthias tunnel around 1654: A total of 9 waterworks; Water, Archduke Matthias, Seeauer, Rettenbacher, Hippelsroider, Cain, Our Lady, Haimb and Klein Trattel – building. The 9 Schöpfbaue were already cut before 1648 and were used as princes - as well as Kain and Trattel - weir with indulgences in the Frauenholz - tunnels. The Matthias tunnel – main shaft was 387 stalks (461.3 m) long until it reached the salt boundary. 6 Stabel (7.2m) after the salt line there was a test dig down into the Neuberg tunnel. On the continuation of the Matthias tunnel - main shaft 9 constructions were created. Namely the water - and Archduke Matthias - building, which lay under a sky and contained 42 rooms (4,754m³) brine. The two constructions were undercut from the Neuberg tunnel with a weir furnace and referred to as the prince's weir. In 1725 the base of the Fürsten weir in the Matthias tunnel broke through into the Rassfellner weir in the Neuberg tunnel below. The princes' weir was later extended up to the St. John's tunnel and only abandoned around 1744. The following buildings, namely the Seeauer, Rettenbacher, Hippelsroider, Kain, Fraun, Haimb and Klein Trattel buildings contained 60 rooms (6,792m³) of brine and were also under a sky. They were also run under from the Neuberg tunnel with a weir furnace and prepared for an outlet weir. This weir was called the Cain and Trattel weir during the leaching in the Matthias tunnel. When it was further watered down into the St. Johannes tunnel, it was renamed the Zierler weir. The Zierler weir was in operation until 1807. Behind these buildings, the Matthias tunnel - main shaft was still 16 Stabel (19.1m) long. Their field place was already in the deaf mountains. In 1654 the thickness of the mountain from the Matthias tunnel to the Obernberg tunnel was still around 10 bar (11.9m). The St. Johannes tunnel was opened in 1725 to gain this mountain thickness and for higher drainage of the weirs created in the Archduke Matthias tunnel. In 1656 there was a partly brick and partly wooden mountain house near the Matthias tunnel. When this was later removed, the still usable woodwork was used to build a, not far from the Neuberg - tunnel built under the name Taxhaus, wooden room. Miners were housed in this wooden room. The Starhembergsche inspection commission of 1707 already found the Matthias tunnel devious, behind the dam outlet there were collapsed weirs, which were exploited by robbery watering, whereby the generated brine flowed through the main shaft. The introduction of the fresh water required for the leaching in the deeper tunnels came from the stream and the springs in the area of the Matthias tunnel mouth hole. The water collected in wooden tubes was fed into the mountain via the Matthias tunnel – main shaft. From 1769, the water needed to dilute the weirs was channeled through a surface dig above the St. Johannes tunnel and from there via the Saherböck dig to the Matthias tunnel main shaft. From 1784, the water required for brine production was collected in a “watering hut” above the Matthias tunnel and diverted via the newly built watering pit to the Matthias tunnel – main shaft. From there, the water reached, depending on the need, either through the pastor Weissbacher - Schurf and the subsequent digging to the weirs located on the evening side (west side) in the deeper tunnels. The morning (eastern) weirs could be over the v. Adlersberg - conversion and the Weilenböcker - digging and the subsequent digging can be achieved. ​ Situation of the weirs in the Matthias tunnel around 1850: A total of 3 weirs, all pronounced dead around 1850; Preuner and Raßfellner weir, from Frauenholz - via Neuberg - up to Matthias - tunnel. Zierler – weir and princes – weir from Matthias – on St. Johannes - tunnel up verlaugt. Until 1933, the drainage route led in the Matthias tunnel via the drainage pit to the main shaft and along this further to the Plenzner pit leading down into the Neuberg pit. In addition, another water pipe came down from the St. Johannes tunnel via the Saherböck scour to the main shaft. In 1931, during the main inspection, it was decided to leave the Matthias tunnel open because future watering should come from the Törlbach via the Maria Theresia tunnel. For this reason, dams were built in 1932 at the end of the tunnel and at the head of the Plenzner and Weissbacher quarry. A final inspection to check the dams took place on February 5, 1934. The tunnel entrances to the Matthias tunnel and the drainage pit were then finally sealed. Sources used: Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian salt works from the beginning of the 16th to the middle of the 18th century", Vienna 1932 Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian Salt Works from 1750 to the time after the French Wars", Vienna 1934 Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian Salt Works from 1818 to the end of the Salt Office in 1850", Vienna 1936 Leopold Schiendorfer "Perneck - A Village Through the Ages", Linz 2006 Johann Steiner "The traveling companion through Upper Austrian Switzerland", Linz 1820, reprint Gmunden 1981 Georg Chancellor "Ischl's chronicle", Ischl 1881, reprint Bad Ischl 1983 Michael Kefer "Description of the main maps of the kk Salzberg zu Ischl", 1820, transcription by Thomas Nussbaumer, as of September 13, 2016 Anton Dicklberger "Systematic history of the salt pans of Upper Austria", Volume I, Ischl 1807, transcription by Thomas Nussbaumer, as of 06.2018 Pit map around 1700 Rock carvings near the Matthias tunnel Drainage pit in the Matthias tunnel Built 1784 - In service until 1934 ​ From 1784 water was in a "watering hut" above of the Matthias tunnel from the Sulzbach and from a strong one Source (Kaltenbrunn source) caught and over the newly built drainage pit on the Matthias Stollen – main shaft derived. From there, the water reached, depending on the need, either through the Pastor Weissbacher - digging and the subsequent digging to the on the Evening side (west side) located weirs in the deeper tunnels. The morning (eastern) Defense could over the v. Adlersberg – conversion and the Weilenböcker – Schurf as well the following prospects can be reached. Miner Franz v. Schwind started in 1842 Laying of cast-iron water pipes at the Ischler Salzberg. This made it possible the long way that those in the upper horizons collected water had to travel to fill the leach workers, since the iron pipes could be under higher pressure than the wooden pipes. The rapid supply of larger amounts of water to the production workers and drainage the stretches soaked by the weeping wooden pipes was now possible. In September 2018, members of the IGM uncovered the mouth of the drainage pit, revealing a surprisingly well-preserved portal. Text: Archive Salinen Austria, Archive IGM Water basin for watering into the Matthias tunnel Built 1883 - In service until 1934 ​ In 1883, to secure the machine and watering operation in arid times the manufacture of a large concrete water collection trough in the near the Matthias – Stollen in place of the one that has existed for ages rotten collection box made of wood approved. This one covered with a simple wooden hut water collection trough, served for feeding the winding machine and for the leaching operation. In September 2018, members of the IGM approx. 100 m3 capacity Water basin at the Matthias gallery cleared of trees at the edge of the basin, which on the one hand restricted the view of this building, on the other hand threatened to burst through the concrete wall with their roots. This water basin is fed by the very productive "Kaltenbrunn spring". This basin is the largest surviving building which was built from "Pernecker Romanzement" - hydraulic Pernecker lime, also known as "Hydrauer". This was produced in large quantities in the cement works at the Josefstollen. Text: Archive Salinen Austria, Archive IGM In the iron ore The iron ore tunnels Stud Names: 2 lower, 1 middle and 1 upper iron ore tunnels Struck: before 1500 Length: lower left cleat approx. 40 m right lower stud crime middle stud crime upper stud 43 m Altitude: lower left stud 1018 m right lower stud 1024 m middle stud 1040 m upper stud 1105 m 1st story: In historical times there was also ore mining in the Salzkammergut. However, for the most part it has remained at prospecting attempts and only in a few cases has there been short-term mining. The ore deposits are exclusively sulphide ores such as pyrites, galena, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, which are accompanied by spar iron and brown iron ore and occur on the border between Werfen slate and dolomite. On the Reinfalzalm above the Ischler Salzberg, iron mining in the so-called "Eisenarz" can be traced back to the 15th century. Around 1500, a certain Hans Gaisbrucker from Lauffen operated a mine for pyrite and brown iron ore including a vitriol smelter. The remains of 4 tunnel mouths from iron mining can still be found in the area. The iron smelter was probably at the foot of the Salzberg just below the mouth of the Leopold tunnel. This is confirmed by slag residues that can be found in the ground in the area of the lower barn that was removed, the former impact room and up to the Auer well. Vitriol was produced by roasting the pyrite, extracting the iron sulphide, which had been subject to a weathering process for several months, with water and boiling the solution until the blue-green vitriol crystals crystallized out. For this roasting and boiling process, 100 Rachel wood, which is around 700 m³, were used annually. The Vitriolsudhütte was not far from the Matthias tunnel at the foot of the Sudhüttenwand. The 100 m³ heap can still be seen here today. The by-products of vitriol boiling are a strongly red-colored, earthy mass that was used as red chalk by masons and carpenters. Dicklberger (1820) writes about the fate of the vitriol works at Reinfalz: When in 1562 the exploration of the Ischler Salzberg was suggested by Hans Praunfalk, administrator in Aussee, the high directive was issued at the same time "to occupy the Salzberg, to visit the salt store, to diligently tend the forests on the Reinfalz, Mitterberg and in this area, and to completely stop all melting and boiling of the vitriol in these places in order not to tolerate any waste in the forests that will be necessary in the future for salt brewing.” Emperor Ferdinand I gave this order on September 25, 1562 and one year later the Ischl salt mine was approached. This sealed the fate of the vitriol boiling plant. ​ In the 1920s, two of the tunnels used to access the ore deposits were rediscovered by the Perneck miner Josef Hütter. According to old miners, the upper Eisenarz tunnel had been retrofitted in 1866 by the then mine manager August Aigner on his own initiative. The lower left iron ore tunnel was reconstructed 12 m by a group of speleologists from Linz at the end of the 1930s. In 2014, under the direction of Horst Feichtinger, a 7 m long new tunnel section was cleared in the mouth hole area of the upper iron ore tunnel. In 1858 the same ore formation had been driven through when the tamper turned in the Maria Theresia horizon. The vertical distance between the Eisenarz and the Stampfer - Kehr is around 400 m. ​ 2. Location and geology: The Eisenarze area is some 100 meters south of the Reinfalzalm (1026 m) on the Ischler Salzberg. Here, at the northern foot of the Sudhüttenwand, a ditch runs steeply in the forest in a SE direction. This graben is of tectonic origin and forms the boundary between limestone (Jurassic) in the NE and dolomite (Triassic) in the SW. The ditch extends to the crest of the ridge formed by the Sudhüttenwand and the Zwerchwand at about 1170 m above sea level. Of the tunnels from the 16th century in the area of the ditch, only the upper iron ore tunnel, also known as the "Hütter-Stollen" after its rediscoverer (1920), is still conditionally passable today. From the other 3 you will only find Pingen and Halden, from the bottom left Iron ore tunnel even still has the mouth hole. Above the Hütter tunnel, the mineralization is exposed on a cuirass. Otherwise there are no more outcrops during the day. The mineralization can be found at the layer boundary between the Werfen slate and the Hallstatt dolomite. Sulphide ores include galena, sphalerite and pyrites. Calcite, dolomite and siderite (iron carbonate) form the carbonates and brown iron ore and quartz form the oxides. Dolomite occupies the largest space in the ore pieces that can be found, calcite and siderite are rare. As a typical weathering mineral, brown iron stone is only found near the surface. The most conspicuous and predominant sulphide mineral is galena, which can be found up to 8 mm thick veins that are easily visible to the naked eye. Zinc blende can only be detected microscopically. You won't find pyrites at all. However, the existing vitriol boiler requires a pyrite deposit. 3. Cleats: 3.1. Lower Left Iron Ore Adit: The lower left iron ore adit is at an altitude of 1018 m and is easy to find, as the damp and cold weather rising from the mouth of the adit forms a vapor strip that is visible from afar. Its entrance is frozen almost all year round. The tunnel was rebuilt at the end of the 1930s to a length of 12 m. Following that, he's been on the run since about 1985. The tunnel was originally passable over a length of about 30 m. Near its aft end was a shaft that had completely collapsed at a depth of about 15 m. The entire tunnel including the shaft is in Jura limestone and there were no signs underground that it had ever hit another rock formation. The tailings pile consists largely of the same rock, but isolated pieces of Werfen slate can also be found. Since no mineralized rock is found, it can be concluded that the adit did not reach the mineralization at all. 3.2. Lower Right Iron Ore Adit: The lower right vitriol tunnel, previously unknown in the specialist literature, was discovered during field inspections by F. Federspiel, H. Feichtinger and E. Ramsauer in the summer of 2016. This tunnel is about 70 m south-west of the lower left vitriol tunnel at an altitude of 1024 m. The extensive slag heap is a good 28 m long at the crown. It is made up of fine-grained heaps containing plenty of ore. The size of the heap indicates what is probably the most extensive mine workings in the entire area. From the foot of the heap, the ore path, which is still clearly visible in sections, leads to the former vitriol sud hut near the Matthias tunnel. 3.3. Medium Iron Ore - Adits: The middle iron ore tunnel is located at 1040 m above sea level in the lower part of the steeply rising ditch that begins in Eisenarz. Nothing remains of the tunnel mouth, but the Pinge and the heap are still clearly visible in the steeply sloping terrain. In addition to samples from the Hallstatt dolomite and the Werfen strata, numerous pieces with relatively rich galena mineralization can be found. This heap is the richest of the 4 tunnels. 3.4. Upper Iron Ore – Adit: The mouth of the upper Eisenerz - or Hütter - tunnel is at 1105 m above sea level and is very similar to a natural cave entrance. Only when you have crawled through the narrow entrance area do you come to a chamber-like extension, which still contains the remains of an old wooden structure. The ceiling height in the center of the hall is up to 3.5 m. On the side, a short tunnel leads past a rock pillar into a second chamber, which can also only be reached by crawling. The second working chamber runs parallel to the first chamber and is offset to the SE. A third mining area can be reached via a short, narrow gap. The approximately 4.5 m long and around 1.5 m high excavation chamber shows white sinter formations on the ceiling, which clearly stand out from the black rock coatings. The further continuation of the tunnel is likely to be closed by a breach. There are no longer any documents about the former extent of the tunnel. While the first and second chambers are in the dolomite, pinching between the dolomite and the Werfen slate can be seen in the third chamber. The 7.5 m long part of the tunnel, newly discovered by Horst Feichtinger in 2014, begins about 5 m behind the mouth hole area. With a width of 50 cm and a height of 90 cm, it runs in a straight line and evenly in the SE direction. Sintering and mineral efflorescence can be observed on the tunnel ceiling. There are numerous black chunks on the heap of this tunnel, which only turn out to be ore-bearing after they have been smashed. The manganese-rich, black coating is the result of centuries of weathering on the rock. The mineralization here also consists mainly of galena. ​ 4. Vitriol - production and use: Vitriols are minerals that belong to the salts of sulfuric acid (sulphates). The white zinc vitriol, the green iron vitriol and the blue copper vitriol are the most important representatives of this mineral class. The term vitriol comes from Latin and is translated as "glass", based on the glass-like appearance of the crystals of vitriols. Vitriols occur as oxidation products of sulphide ores. They are obtained by capturing leachates containing vitriol or by leaching weathered, oxidized metal ores. Georgius Agricola describes the production of vitriol in his work "Of the 12 Books of Metallurgy" published in 1556. Sulfur pyrites were leached out with hot water, the vitriol precipitated out of the solution and the resulting vitriol sludge was heated in a boiling furnace to evaporate the residual moisture. Iron vitriol was primarily used to color leather, the so-called "blackening of leather". Iron vitriols were also used in fabric dyeing, for the production of dyes and ink, and as a disinfectant. The representatives of the medieval alchemists saw more than just minerals behind the vitriole. For the alchemists, vitriols were the outer philosopher's stone, with the help of which the transformation of seemingly worthless materials into precious metals such as gold and silver should be possible. Despite centuries of research, the alchemists did not succeed in producing gold and silver with the vitriols. Sources used: Anton Dicklberger "Systematic history of the salt pans in Upper Austria", Volume I, Ischl 1817, transcription by Thomas Nussbaumer, Weitra 2018 Ludwig Antes and Siegfried Lapp "On the mineralization on the Reinfalzalm", Leoben 1966 Othmar Schauberger "Historical mining in the Salzkammergut", communication of the Austrian consortium for prehistory and early history, vol. 24, Vienna 1973 Johann Steiner "The traveling companion through Upper Austrian Switzerland", Linz 1820, reprint Gmunden 1981 Alfred Pichler "Lipplesgrabenstollenhütte", State Association for Speleology, Linz 2003 Wilhelm Freh "The iron mining in the country above the Enns", Linz 1949 Erich Haslinger "Ore deposits in the Salzkammergut", Vienna 1962 ​

The wood requirement for salt production using the example of the Saline lschl (1571-1965) Günther Hattinger Austrian forest newspaper 12/1988: ​ The following post will be about the importance of the forest and timber industry for the salt extraction in the Salzkammergut, in particular for the Saline Bad Ischl, at the end of the 19th century and quantitative information is also given on wood consumption. The burning of wood as an energy source for the production of salt in Austria and the resulting overuse of the forest and wood industry has been part of the technical and economic history for more than 100 years. The development of salt mining in lschl (opened in 1563), but especially that of the saltworks in lschl (1571-1965), is closely related to the forests of today's Strobl forest administration. Large need for wood The forests in Upper Austria's Rettenbach and Mitterweissenbachtal were enough for the cover of Do not delete the need of the salt-weather out of. Originally, contracts with the Archdiocese of Salzburg also had to fall back on the "Salzburger Waldungen". It was not only necessary to cover the wood requirements for the operation of the saltworks (the panhouse), but also for mining, the production of salt packaging (Küfel .- and Fassel production), the transport of salt on the waterways (shipbuilding), for the buildings of the hermitage and drift system and the various allowance claims. ​ The order of magnitude in 1720 With a production of around 30,000 t of salt in the entire Upper Austrian Salzkammergut (Saline Ebensee, lschl and Hallstatt) for salt production 160,000 rm, for runner production and the reed construction 53,000 rm and for defense construction, brewing and deputate 60,000 rm, a total of 273,000 cubic meters of wood was used. In the 17th century, the need for firewood for the Saline in lschl to produce salt was between 21,000 rm and 24,000 rm with an annual production of 5400 t to 6300 t of salt. In the 18th century this should be due to the production figures of the saltworks partly even exceeded 25,000 rm every year. The specific wood consumption in rm wood/t salt could only be reduced by almost 10% during these two centuries. Due to the increased salt production during this period, this did not have a relieving effect on the forest manager. During this period, the technology of salt production in round pans (old Austrian pan) with flat grates for firing was subject to little change, despite increasing attempts at improvement, especially in the 18th century. ​ Spruce and fir wood in demand For firing, a large flame was required that gave off sudden heat Spruce and fir wood. The wood was on 6 1/2 shoes cut to length beech wood was only for firing the dry houses (Ppiesel) for the used to dry the salt fodder. In later times, up to a quarter of beech wood was allowed to be added to the wood for firing the pans, the "Hallwid". Lack of wood led to rationalization The looming shortage of wood led to rationalization measures. In the first half of the 19th century, the introduction of the "Tyrolean pan" (1823) and the construction of the Kolowrat brewhouse (1834) with a double pan and finally the introduction of the pull grate in the furnaces instead of the flat grate a significant reduction in wood consumption. ​ Increasing salt production compensates for a reduction in wood consumption/t of salt During this period, the specific wood requirement fell by 35% from around 3.4 rm/t salt to around 2.2 rm/t salt. Around the middle of the 19th century, salt production at the Saline Ischl was 14,000 t/year. But even this notable reduction in specific wood consumption in the salt works could only compensate for the additional demand for salt production, but did not bring any relief to forestry. ​ Coal firing brings relaxation to the forest This only happened with the introduction of coal firing in the Saline lschl in the years 1881-1886. The prerequisite for this was the construction of the railway line Stainach-Irdning-Attnang-Puchheim, the "Kronprinz-Rudolf-Bahn" in 1877, which transported coal from the Hausruck-Revier made possible. With the introduction of coal firing, gas firing with generator gas was also tried, as was the gasification of wood. The gas firing, which is more economical in itself in terms of heat technology, was not able to prevail over coal firing with stepped grates and later with movable grates. Pure coal firing for the production of pan salt remained in the Saline Ischl until production was finally stopped in 1965. ​ Use of thermocompression In 1979, a new saltworks with a current production capacity of 440,000 tons of salt per year was put into operation in Ebensee. This saline, which works as a thermocompression plant with evaporators, covers more than 90% of Austria's salt production, in addition to the Hallein saline, which works according to the same principle. Salinen AG. With this technology, electrical energy is mainly used to drive the thermocompression system, which works as an open heat pump, and only a small proportion of caloric energy in the form of heavy fuel oil. Due to the high yield of thermocompression systems, the total energy consumption is only 0.9 GJ/1 salt (gigajoule/t salt). This energy expenditure is in the range of 5 to 10% the expense of open pans fired with coal or earlier with wood. It clearly shows the success of technological development over the past 100 years and especially in the last few decades. ​ Wood shaped culture before the 19th century The German economist Werner SOMBART made the following statement in his 1919 work "Der Moderne Capitalism", which is largely valid for our region: "All European culture - the intellectual no less than the material one - emerged from the forest. The wood took hold all areas of cultural existence, was the prerequisite for the flowering of old branches of economic life and formed the general substance of all things to such an extent that culture before the 19th century had a decidedly wooden character.” ​ Sources used: Günther Hattinger Austrian forest newspaper 12/1988 ​ Use of the Salzburg forests at the Abersee by the Saline Ischl JOHANN OSTERMANN Austrian forest newspaper 12/1988 ​ The political developments in the first years of the reign of FERDINAND I (1521 to 1560) resulted in an enormous boom in the salt trade and the associated salt production. How did that happen? In the Battle of Mohacs in 1526 the last Jagiellonian LUDWIG II, King of Bohemia and Hungary, fell in battle against the Turks. As he left no descendants, Bohemia and Hungary fell to his brother-in-law Ferdinand, who was married to Anne of Bohemia. This allowed the Austrian salt trade to be extended to the Kingdom of Bohemia. Due to the increased salt production, the salt pans were enlarged and their number increased. ​ In search of new salt stores they found what they were looking for in lschl and on July 25, 1563 the Mitterberg tunnel was opened. The main problem of all salt pans was always having enough wood for the brewing pans. So one tried either to bring enough wood to the saltworks or, as in later years, to lead the salt to the wood through brine pipes, as was the case with the construction of the Ebensee saltworks. Although the salt mine and the lschl saltworks, put into operation in 1571, were in a very densely wooded area, it was necessary to look out for wood reserves in good time and also to take care to protect our own forests. Long before wood was delivered from the archbishop's forests at Abersee for the salt works in lschl, the lschl salt manufacturers, who were middle-class entrepreneurs, obtained Kufhoz and ship wood from the forests of the Mondsee monastery, from an area between Königsberg and lschl. ​ The supply of wood to the salt flats is secured When the Austrian Obersalzamt in Gmunden approached Salzburg to secure wood consumption in lschl by using the Abersee forests, both sides were helped. After all, the Salzburg smelting works such as the Saline Hallein or the iron works in Rupertiwinkel were too far away to ensure economic use. In 1579, a treaty was signed between Emperor RUDOLF II. (1576-1612) and Prince-Archbishop JOHANN JAKOB VON KUEN-BELASY (1560-1586). At the beginning of the contract, reference was made to the then Emperor MAXIMILIAN II (1564-1576), who already concluded a contract with Salzburg in 1565, which stipulated the use of the Salzburg forests, which are in the area of today's Rußbach forester district of the Gosau forest administration, for the salt works regulated in Hallstatt. ​ salt for wood In the contract of 1579, Salzburg obliges itself, initially from the forests of the Hüttenstein custodial court, the later St. Gilgen court, to the "Ischlerische Salzstätten" "Seven hundred pans Widt" correspond to 32,900 cubic meters of wood to burn in the brewing pans, 1 pan is calculated at 67 cubic meters or 47 cubic meters. The wood is to be taken from the following "Waldorthen": ".... to kindle at the Rinpach, and from there to the Wildten Cammer up from the Gassengraben to the Kürchweg." Then from the other side of the "Rünpach" up to the "Kaltenpach". If the 700 pans are not reached in this area, the felling should be extended to the "Unckhenpach". This corresponds to the area from the Rettenkogel, via the Rinnkogel to the Wilden Kammer, which is bordered by the Weissenbach in the west Salzburg permitted salt to be exported from the Hallein Saline to the Kingdom of Bohemia and to the imperial principalities and imperial cities that were interested in it. ​ Wood use is regulated Only master woodworkers and woodcutters who were subjects of Salzburg were allowed to cut wood. In order to prevent damage to the rest of the forest and to the regeneration, the way in which the felling had to be carried out was precisely prescribed: "Sixthly, the pre-determined Waldörther should be chopped up and processed from underrists to colonels and from hindists to foreman and in a Waldmann manner so that the honeyed wood wax is harmed and left behind." ​ protection for subjects By delivering the "Hall Widts" to the Saline, however, the subjects were not allowed to suffer any disadvantage in their purchase of wood, and the right to graze, the so-called "Pluem visit" not be affected. Bringing and hitting had to be done with "such care, so that the same can be done with the least amount of damage", and if the Salzburg subjects suffered damage from the wood deliveries at their base, "should in your Kay:(happy) May:(estät) Same damage will be increased and removed". The contract stipulated that twenty to thirty pans of wood, i.e. 1340 rm to 2010 rm of wood, were felled in the designated area every year. ​ First Timber Order In 1581 In 1581, two years after the contract on the use of the Abersee forests by the Salzamt in lschl, a "timber regulation" was issued for the Hüttenstein court, which was intended to guarantee a more controlled use of the Salzburg forests in the court. In the introduction to the new timber regulation it is stated that the subjects of Salzburg took wood from the princely forests for their own use, but also for sale as ship or kufholz for lschl, at their own discretion and the forest care was completely neglected, so that "also the wood wax has been noticeably prevented, and therefore there is a great lack of wood". ​ Wood is assigned The new forest ordinance stipulated that the subjects were only allowed to chop the wood that was shown to them on a stick by the chief woodsman or sub-woodsman. Fourteen days before or after Christmas, the chief woodsman, in the presence of the caretaker von Hüttenstein, announced in St. Gilgen how much wood the subjects were allowed to chop and where. The Oberwaldmeister had to give special consideration to the "poor Heusseßigen Unndterthonen, who Ir notturfft Traidt nit rein in on their goods" when awarding woodwork. ​ Rollover will be severely penalized Since the Ischl salt manufacturers often advanced the Aberseer wood suppliers more money than was necessary for the work done, more wood was felled and carelessly, which from now on was subject to severe punishment. The subjects had Kufholz 45 kr. for a pound (pan), Schiffholz for a five (type of ship) and six 12 kr., for a seven 24 kr. and for a pan of firewood 16 kr. floor right to pay. In order to compensate for the different amount of work or income that occurred with the three different types of wood, the allocation had to be changed every year. For the export to lschl, wood for 150 zills and 100 pounds of Kufholz was approved annually. Firewood was not limited. ​ Wood reserves are formed Unmarried servants and farmer's sons were not allowed to run "woodwork" on their own. They were only allowed to be employed as woodcutters with wages by farmers who had a permit be refurbished, but if it was sold to lschl, the stock rights first had to be paid for. So that there were enough wood reserves for Hallein’s own saltworks and because of the game, the chief forest master was instructed to give the Hüttenstein subjects in the high and black forests, “namely the Praitenperg , Wislwald . .. the like in the forests, such as in the Hintersee tall leagues". ​ The first forest house The construction of the "housing" for an "undter Waldmaister" (forester) in Abersee can be seen as a forerunner of today's forest administration in Strobl. He was responsible for forest matters in the courts of Hüttenstein, Wartenfels and Mondsee, as far as they concerned Salzburg interests. ​ Deciduous wood harmful to the Black Forest The wood goods producers and wheelwrights, as well as the blacksmiths of the Hüttenstein and Wartenfels courts, were allowed to take maple, elm and beech from the Black Forest "since such hardwood is harmful to the Black Forest anyway". When Austria set up its own salt deposits in Passau in 1596 In order to deliver salt to Bohemia, the Hüttenstein court was ordered to stop the supply of wood to lschl, whereupon Austria blocked the supply of grain and wine from lschl to Salzburg, but the dispute was resolved in 1600 by Archbishop Wolf Dietrich (1587-1612) and Rudolf II. settled. ​ The farmers made mountain pastures out of the free forest areas, against which Austria unsuccessfully protested. As a result of the founding of alpine pastures no young forest grew up, the felling of wood was continually expanded: 1646 on the Breitenberg, in the Kögl and Eichenbrunn forests, 1695 in the Schreinbach and Zinkenbachtal, 1734 in the Zwerchenberg and Ruprechtsgraben forests, 1770 the forests in the Kammersbach, on the Scharfen, Schnitzhof, Sonntags-Kendl and again at Breitenberg. Finally, it should be noted that the large areas of alpine pasture in today's forest administration in Strobl are not due to the use of the forest by the lschler Saline, but to "impertinent alpine drivers". called. ​ Sources used: JOHANN OSTERMANN Austrian forest newspaper 12/1988

21 The Moosberg tunnel struck: 1577 (together with Matthias tunnel) leaving: Hired 1586, abandoned 1690 Elevation: 625 meters (m) overall length 312 sticks (372 meters) worker: only sideways hope and sink works Naming: former area designation upper Mooseck , today Obereck With the first tunnels driven into the Ischler Salzberg, only short and poor salt deposits could be driven in both the Lauffner salt dome (1563 Mitterberg tunnel, 1567 Alter Steinberg tunnel) and the Perneck salt dome (1567 Lipplesgraben tunnel, originally Obernberg tunnel). Therefore, from 1577, an intensive search for further salt deposits on the Ischler Salzberg began. ​ Detailed information about the intensive search for salt at that time can be found in Anton Dicklberger's Salina History of Upper Austria from 1817. On October 31, 1577, by order of the salt official Christoph Haiden, an inspection was held at the Ischler Salzberg by salt mining officials. ​ As part of the inspection, a new tunnel dug in 1577 on the upper Moosegg in the forest of Hans Reicher to examine a salted lake was driven through. However, with a total length of 10 rods (11.9 m), this only penetrated 3 rods (3.6 m) of well-salted medium , which also carried acidic water. ​ In 1577 the new tunnel was given the name Moosberg tunnel . ​ In 1580, the Salzamtmann Christoph Haiden again inspected the Ischler Salzberg. At the same time, the further advance of the field location of the main shaft of the Moosberg tunnel was discussed, since only 11 sticks (13.1 m) of salted rock were exposed in this tunnel. ​ In 1583, at the quarterly Haeuer measurement, it was decided to lengthen the 11 bar (13.1 m) long salt medium found in the Moosberg tunnel, where the main shaft had still been worked in vain in the deaf mountains, to search for the salt store and to examine the same with a sink work in depth. In 1584, two inspections were even carried out to establish rules with regard to an appropriate exploration of the Ischler Salzberg. Although no other salt rocks could be found in the Moosberg tunnel apart from the 11 Stabel (13.1 m) long salt medium, due to all hopes pursued sideways and in depth, the inspectors decided, despite these circumstances, to continue the advantageously located tunnel operate. Because of the traces of salt found both above and inside the tunnel, the hope of finding a rich core mountain was not given up and it was decreed that the deserted field site of the main shaft should be continued towards the ridge of the mountain after twelve hours (to the south). ​ In the hopefully continued operation of the Moosberg tunnel, there was a strong inrush of water at the field location of the main shaft made of fissured rock. Since the necessary amount of brine could not be produced in the long term with the tunnels previously dug at the Ischler Salzberg and the hope of finding a new salt store in the Moosberg tunnel had to be given up, it was decided in 1584 to dig a new investigation tunnel at the Roßmoos. ​ In 1584, the inspectors also suggested lowering the sinkage from the deepest point in the Moosberg tunnel, which had been operated in vain for 8 years now, by a further 14 rods (16.8 m) towards the depths . The inspectors were of the opinion that in the area of the Moosberg tunnel there was a salt mine that had been in use for many years and is now rotten . By further lowering the sink works, one was convinced that areas of the salt mountains could be reached that could not be reached long ago. Contrary to expectations, no existing salt mountains were opened up with this newly sunk section. ​ Anton Dicklberger thinks the suspicion of an old salt mountain at Moosegg is very unlikely. No traces of older, abandoned buildings were found when the Moosberg tunnel was being excavated. Although a saltworks near Ischl is mentioned in some old documents, it seems more likely to Dicklberger that this was not operated at Moosegg but in Pfandl near Ischl. ​ On February 11 and 12, 1586, another mountain survey was carried out on the Ischler Salzberg with the involvement of several mountain experts from the salt works in Hallstatt, Aussee and Ischl. Since the salt mountains had been excavated over a whole mountain thickness by the test digging operated by the Matthias tunnel, the new mining tunnels on Moosegg and Roßmoos , which were more than uncertain in terms of success, were finally discontinued. ​ The Moosberg tunnel, operated with great hopes between 1577 and 1586, was extended to a length of probably 120 Stabel (143 m). Only 11 sticks (13.1 m) of salt agents could be found. ​ The Moosberg tunnel was probably occupied with interruptions in the following 103 years from 1586 to 1690. The main shaft of the Moosberg tunnel with a smaller profile was lengthened by a further 192 bars (228.9 m) to a total of 312 bars (371.9 m). Shortly before the attack on the Rabenbrunn tunnel, which was also driven towards the Lauffner salt dome in 1692, the Moosberg tunnel was finally abandoned in 1690 and left to decay. ​ Because of the good stability of the surrounding mountains, a large part of the main shaft of the Moosberg tunnel has been preserved to this day. ​ The Moosberg tunnel was popular with adventurous young people up until the 1970s. The remains of a raft that was built to cross the water dam and some signatures in the clayey mountains bear witness to this to this day. By the mid-1980s at the latest, the mouth of the Moosberg tunnel had completely rolled up. ​ In August 2018, Horst Feichtinger uncovered the entrance to the tunnel after extensive, manual digging, so that it was possible to drive on it. On August 14, 2018, members of the IGM (Mitterbergstollen interest group) and the landowner carried out an extensive tunnel inspection, including photographic documentation of the still accessible mine spaces. ​ The approximately 430-year-old Moosberg tunnel is the oldest, still drivable mine building in the Ischler Salzberg, which is in its original condition. The tunnel, made with hammers and iron work, is a first-class mining monument with its unique sinter formations for the Ischler Salzberg. Due to the great importance of the Moosberg tunnel, the IGM decided in September 2018 to clear the main shaft up to the sintering at tunnel meters (Stm.) 82 to 92 and thus make it accessible for interested visitors. The tunnel, which was completely hand-carved and is still passable over a length of 221 m, was driven south-east from the anchor point at 625 m above sea level, following the mountain ridge. ​ The standard profile of the tunnel is around 190 cm high, 80 cm at the top and 120 cm at the base. ​ The first 7 pieces had to be made of wood when it was recaptured. From Stm. 7 to 25 the tunnel was driven in stable layers of lime. The standard profile in the front section of the tunnel is around 1.9 m in height and 0.8 m in roof width and 1.2 m in bottom width. From Stm. 25 the limestone layers merge into the pebbly, thick-banked marl limestone of the Rossfeld layers. ​ The sandstones and conglomerates of the Rossfeld Formation were deposited in the early Cretaceous period around 120 million years ago. During deposition, massive undersea mass movements with mudslides and debris flows took place. The layered deposits with a chaotic structure made of older limestone boulders and hazel rocks, which geologists call olisthostromes , can also be found in the Moosberg tunnel. ​ At Stm. 35 there is an approx. 0.5 m thick clayey deposit. In this clayey breccia one finds bluish violet clays that indicate leached Haselgebirge. The storage was cleared up to a height of approx. 3 m in the course of the original tunnel excavation. At Stm. 39 one finds another clayey intercalation with a total thickness of 1.8 m and finally at Stm. 59 a third intercalation also containing Haselgebirge stones with a thickness of approx. 1.0 m. The thick banked marl layers in the area of the last two deposits are heavily sintered. ​ The extensions and sink works mentioned by Dicklberger were probably created in the area of these 3 deposits, since the leached Haselgebirge stones were interpreted as a sure sign of salt-bearing mountains. ​ From Stm. 65, an extensive waterlogging began behind a collapse cone. The remains of a raft built in the 1970s, which was used to cross the tunnel lake, which was up to 1 m deep in rainy times, were found in this area. Unsuccessful attempts to cross the tunnel lake on stilts have also been handed down. In the course of the demolition work, the massive collapse cone from Stm. 57 to 65 was completely cleared out and the waterlogged was drained. ​ From Stm. 65, the in-situ, stable marl layers become thinner. The strong water flow in this area has led to massive sintering. The wooden stamps built in to protect against dripping water from Stm. 82 to 92 are still clearly visible today. Most of the pit wood has decomposed over the centuries, but the impressive sinter imprints have survived to this day. A standard profile of 1.7 m line height and 0.6 m ridge and 1.0 m bottom width can be reconstructed for this section from the expansion remains. ​ From Stm. 99 there are thin layers of marl and Schrambach. The Schrambach layers were also deposited after the Rossfeld layers in the early Cretaceous period. The rust-brown weathered limestone marl is tectonically overprinted. Clearly recognizable armored areas as well as staggered layers of mylonite bear witness to massive mountain movements. Due to the disruption of the marl structure, from Stm. 99 more and more collapses occurred. From Stm. 127, the marl becomes thicker again in a much more undisturbed bed and thus also more stable. ​ At Stm. 130 there is a clear bend in the route towards the south. This change in the direction of tunneling is likely to be due to the specifications of the inspection of 1584. ​ Due to the now stronger water flow, you will find extensive sinter terraces with some water ponds on the sole. In some cases there are clearly visible trace nail residues in the sinter. At Stm. 143 there is an impressive narrowing of the driven route profile to 1.8 m route height and 0.6 m ridge and 0.8 m bottom width. Presumably, here in 1586 the drive of the main shaft of the Moosberg tunnel ended for the time being. In the 104 years that followed, until the drive was finally shut down in 1690, the smaller route profile was chosen for cost reasons for the following tunnel section. From Stm. 140 to 197 are the stable, partly chert-bearing limestones of the 150 million year old Oberalmer strata from the late Jurassic period. From Stm. 197 you can find layers of marl again in the hanging wall of the Oberalmerkalke. The thick banked marl layers that are now present are tectonically heavily overprinted. Due to the flat bedding, massive ridge collapses occurred on mylonite layers and fissure areas. From Stm. 221 the route is currently completely broken. A further advance into the main shaft of the Moosberg tunnel, which is about 150 m long, would only be possible after extensive clearing and securing work. Above ground, north-west of the mouth hole, the extensive slag heap is still clearly visible. With an average crown width of 2 m, this is almost 27 m long and approx. 6 to 7 m high at the end of the heap. Sources used: Dicklberger Anton, Systematic history of the salt pans in Upper Austria, Volume I, Ischl 1817, Transcription by Thomas Nussbaumer, Weitra 2018. Schraml Carl, The Upper Austrian salt works from the beginning of the 16th to the middle of the 18th century, Vienna 1932. Schiendorfer Leopold, Perneck - A village through the ages, Linz 2006. ​

Dark moments at the Ischler Salzberg: art objects salvage 1944/45 Inhalt: ​ 1. Ischler Salzberg wird Bergungsort 2. Einlagerungsorte 3. Eingelagerte Kunstschätze 4. Erste Entführung 5. Zweite Entführung 6. Sperre der Bergung im Ischler Salzberg 7. Die Befreiung ​ ​ Franz Juraschek, the regional conservator responsible for the Upper Danube and later the provincial conservator for Upper Austria during World War II, suggested the Ischler Salzberg as well as Aussee as a salvage site for endangered art treasures. ​ Juraschek and Hans Dellbrügge, District President in Vienna, turned to the Erbstollen near Bad Ischl, particularly after the Aussee salt mine had become the “ Reich’s salvage site ” and especially for objects in the “ Fuhrer Museum” in Linz. wird Bergungsort Kaiser Franz Josef – Erbstollen, transport of art, 1944, archive Salinen Austria Kunstgütertransport, 1944, Archiv Salinen Austria 2. Einlagerungsorte: ​ ​ Für die Einlagerungen waren vorhandene und neue Bergungsräume im Erbstollen und im I. und II. Blindhorizont vorgesehen. Der I. und II. Blindhorizont wurden über den Distler Schacht vom Erbstollen und von Perneck, vom Leopoldstollen, erreicht. Aufgrund der leichteren Anlieferung zum Erbstollen wurden alle Einlagerungen über diesen durchgeführt. Einlagerungsorte ​ Im I. Blindhorizont wurde das Werk XII mit 1100 Quadratmeter für Einlagerungen freigegeben. Plan Bergung: I. Blindhorizont 1944, Bundesarchiv Deutschland Ein neuer Lagerraum wurde für Einlagerungen im Erbstollen bei Streckenmeter 250 ausgesprengt. Dieser war aber nicht durchlüftet und nicht im Salzstock angelegt und deshalb feucht! Dieser wäre für großformatige Einlagerungen des Sonderstabes Rosenberg, Führersammlung, vorgesehen gewesen. Reimer, Sonderbeauftragter Hitlers, verzichtete aber danach auf diese Räume und ermöglichte somit die Einlagerung der Wiener Sammlungen. Außerdem wurde das Sprengmitteldepot bei Streckenmeter 500 geräumt und für Einlagerungen freigegeben. Plan Bergung: Neue Bergungsräume und frühere Sprengmitteldepot im Erbstollen 1944, Bundesarchiv Deutschland Im II. Blindhorizont wurde der sogenannte Bahnhof, der zum Verschub der Grubenbahn diente, für die Bergung vorbereitet. Ein vom I. zum II. Blindhorizont führender Schurf, wurde später verschüttet, damit niemand ungebeten die Lagerräume erreichen konnte. Anfang 1945 war der „Bahnhof“ so verkleidet, dass nur ein Gleis frei blieb. Der übrige Raum war für die Lagerung von Gemälden vorgesehen. Er wurde an beiden Enden mit schweren hölzernen Bohlentüren verschlossen. Das machte den Eingang absolut sicher. Nur die Lüftungsrohre blieben frei. Plan Bergung: II. Blindhorizont 1944, Bundesarchiv Deutschland Salvage plan, 1944 Archive Salinen Austria Shaft machine Distlerschacht: All art objects were made with it transported to the second blind horizon, 1940 Archive Salinen Austria In der Endphase des Krieges wurden auch Lagerbereiche in der Ischler Saline verwendet: Zum Beispiel wurden am 27.3.1945 Bilder von Cassone aus der Sammlung Lanzkoronski hier eingelagert. Zur Vorgeschichte der Sammlung Lanzkoronski: Das Vermögen und auch die hochbedeutende Kunstsammlung des polnischen Staatsangehörigen Anton Lanzkoronski wurde unter Berufung auf eine “Verordnung über Behandlung von Vermögen der Angehörigen des ehemaligen polnischen Staates” beschlagnahmt und vom zuständigen Staatskommissar in Wien übernommen. Im ehemaligen Hotel Grüner Baum, Bad Ischl, wurden zu Kriegsende Kunstgüter aus Altausse eingelagert, um der befürchteten Zerstörung zu entgehen. Ein anderes Lager war die Villa Castiglioni am Grundlsee: hier wurde ein Teil der Bibliothek Hitlers eingelagert. Schloss Kogl bei Attersee war ein Lagerort für Kunstgüter, die Alfred Rosenberg für sich selbst reserviert hatte. From November 1944 it was decided to store the Viennese art collections and the Lichtenstein picture gallery in the Ischler Salzberg . The daily reports from Lauffen began on December 9, 1944 with the arrival of the restorers Josef Hajsinek from Vienna and Franz Sochor from Kremsmünster. The first transport arrived in Lauffen on December 12, 1944. Almost all Viennese collections relocated salvaged goods to Lauffen. Gert Adriani was appointed head of the salvage. But after a fatal mishap, he was replaced by Viktor Luithlen , head of the collection of ancient musical instruments. This remained so until the end of the repatriation in 1947. Eingelagerte Kunstschätze Gert Adriani, KHM Museum Association Viktor Luithlen , KHM Museum Association Storage of the art objects 1944/45: Kaiser Franz Josef – Erbstollen, Kunstgütertransport, 1944/45, Archiv Alois Lackner, Lauffen Kaiser Franz Josef – Erbstollen, Kunstgütertransport, 1944/45, Archiv Alois Lackner, Lauffen Kaiser Franz Josef – Erbstollen, art goods transport, 1944/45, archive Salinen Austria Kaiser Franz Josef – Erbstollen, Kunstgütertransport, 1944/45, Archiv Alois Lackner, Lauffen Kunstgutdepot 2. Blindhorizont, 1986, Katharina Hammer Shine in the dark Valuable holdings from spiritual possessions were now also stored in the Ischler Erbstollen instead of in the Ausseer Salzberg. One transport after the other arrived from Vienna. Treasures came from almost all state collections: there were 150 boxes from the national library with manuscripts and printed works, each individual page of which is a treasure. Holdings from the Natural History Museum, the Ethnological Museum, the Museum of Decorative Arts, the Art History Museum, the Liechtenstein Gallery and the Graz State Archives were delivered. ​ Pictures by such important artists as Rembrandt, Raffael, Brueghel, Albrecht Dürer, Jan van Eyck, Rubens and also by "modern" painters such as Munch, Monet, Klimt and Kokoschka were stored in Ischl. In addition, the gold treasure finds, ivories, vases, jewelery and statuettes from the antique collections. ​ A small selection of the priceless art objects stored in the Ischler Salzberg: Tower of Babel Pieter Bruegel the Elder , 1563 Venus of Willendorf, around 30,000 years old peasant dance Pieter Bruegel the Elder , 1525/30 Requiem in D minor ( KV 626) from 1791 is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's last composition Madonna in the green Raphael Santi , 1505-1506 Tassilo chalice from the year 777 The “Tassilokelch” from Kremsmünster Abbey also had a special situation: ​ Officially it was housed in the Aussee salvage, but after this became the official salvage location for Hitler in 1943, it was secretly stored in the Ischler Salzberg by district conservator Franz Juraschek. On April 18, 1945, a crisis team met in the general management of the saltworks to discuss the measures that were necessary to save the Ischler salvage from having to store a bomb like the one in Aussee. According to this plan, the salvage should be made completely inaccessible. The "filling point" of the Distler shaft in the Erbstollen should be completely filled up with rock, "collapsed". The elevator is to be pulled up to the ceiling of the Leopold horizon, i.e. to its highest point, and shut down there. The stairs that lead up next to the elevator, the so-called "rides", are to be torn out below and above the I. and II. underground constructions and the burial of the pit between the I. and II. underground constructions is to be strengthened. This work was completed by May 5, 1945. ​ In the meantime, the situation in Ischl / Lauffen has also deteriorated dramatically. Between April 20 and 25, 1945, a total of 928 pictures of various origins from Kartause Gaming (Lower Austria) arrived here. On the orders of Hermann Stuppäck (General Cultural Officer of the Reich Governor Baldur von Schirach) in Gaming, the paintings had been thrown in a hurry "without any consideration and without the slightest care". Due to the "barbaric" nature of the transport, numerous paintings "were perforated, torn off, damp or otherwise damaged in Bad Ischl/Lauffen. But that was not all, Stuppäck arrived in Bad Ischl on April 25 with orders from Schirach to move the salvaged goods kept in Lauffen further west without delay. At first Luithlen successfully resisted the order, but the arrival of officers and soldiers from the "Fabian Combat Unit" from the SS Panzer Division "Großdeutschland" on the evening of May 1st made any further delay impossible. Captain Reinhardt and Lieutenant Kahles would not be put off. ​ Bergrat Lepez refused the SS commander to provide the mine locomotive, the winding machine and the miners on the pretext that there was no corresponding clear written order from the Waffen SS command. Under threat of the use of weapons, the captain drove furiously to Gmunden to obtain the necessary powers of attorney. This saved valuable time again. ​ On May 3rd, however, the 184 paintings desired by Schirach and Stuppäck - including all paintings by Rembrandt, P. Bruegel the Elder, had to be handed over. Ä., Titians and Velazquez, 49 tapestry sacks and two crates are loaded onto trucks. It turned out that a whole series of the main pieces from the Viennese picture gallery were to be kidnapped in this way. Among them were Bruegel's "Peasant Wedding" and "Peasant Fair", "Carnival Games", "Tower of Babel", "Homecoming of the Herd", "Storm at Sea", "Bird Thief" and "Pauli's Conversion", 6 Velasquez -Pictures, 7 Titians, including the cherries and the Gypsy Madonna, as well as the portrait of Jacopo della Strada, the two well-known self-portraits and the reading Titus by Rembrandt, and finally the "All Saints' Day" and "Emperor Maximilian" by Dürer. So you can safely say, not only the most valuable, but also a number of the most popular pictures in their gallery. ​ You worked late into the night. The marching orders were given on May 4th. At 4 a.m. the convoy with the restorers Hajsinek and Sochor left Bad Ischl in the direction of Mittersill. In the evening of the same day, the convoy arrived in Bramberg in the Pinzgau region of Salzburg, where Stuppäck was already awaiting the transport. But the odyssey of the art treasures was not over yet. The very next day, Major Fabian ordered the paintings, boxes and tapestry sacks to be loaded onto the trucks. The transport could only be accompanied by officers. Franz Sochor and Josef Hajsinek stayed in Bramberg, where they contacted the advancing American army and reported the incident. All cultural assets were then found by the Americans in St. Johann in Tirol. ​ The final result of the Ischl salvage was: 8 figures, 1428 paintings, 122 sacks with tapestries, 278 folder boxes with cadastral maps and 728 boxes. A total of 150 tons of salvage. ​ On May 13, 1945, US troops arrived in Bad Ischl and took control of the salvage site. ​ On June 1, 1945, with the permission of the occupiers, the work to uncover the treasures in the salt mine could also begin, namely in the Erbstollen and in Plant XII in the I. underground construction. The II. civil engineering was initially still buried, but its opening was tackled soon afterwards. On June 13, 1945, the main salvage at the "Bahnhof" in II. Civil Engineering was accessible again. The salvage proved to be in excellent condition, with the exception of a lost painting, a bouquet of flowers by Jan Brueghel the Elder. Ä., which later reappeared in a private apartment in Munich and returned to the Kunsthistorisches Museum in 1959 after a court decision. Rosenberg Erste Entführung Zweite Entführung Sperre Befreiung Am 11. Juli 1945 erschien „Monuments Man“ Lieutenant Frederick Shrady in Bad Ischl und kündigte an, dass die im ehemaligen Hotel Grüner Baum , Grazerstraße Nr. 39, und in der Kaiservilla gelagerten Objekte, nach München zum „Central Collection Point“ gebracht werden würden. Lieutenant Frederick Shrady, Internet On August 7, 1946, the first major transport back from Ischl to Vienna for an exhibition in Switzerland took place. ​ On April 25, 1947, the last large transport of art goods left the Ischl salt mine. After checking the rooms in the presence of the gendarmerie commander, the final commissioning took place and the salt works management took over sole supervision of the mountain again. The salvage in Lauffen took place without any major losses or damage. Only the loss of 7 paintings for the Kunsthistorisches Museum had to be lamented, which are still considered lost today: Landscape by Nicolaes Berchem (GG 623), The Painter Jan Wildens by Anthonis van Dyck (GG 694), A Female Portrait by Peter Paul Rubens (GG 711), Hoffnung by Maerten van Heemskerck (GG 1946) and Faith (GG 1953.), a Venetian ceiling sketch (GG 6398), and a loan were still available at the general inspection on April 26, 1945. Sources used: Katharina Hammer "Shine in the Dark", Altaussee 1996 Franz Juraschek "Heimatblatt Oberösterreich", Linz 1947 British information service "World Press", 9 July 1947 Salzkammergut newspaper, January 6, 1946 Vienna Courier, November 19, 1945 Sabine Loitfellner, Pia Schölnberger "Salvage of cultural property under National Socialism: Myths - Background - Effects", April 18, 2016 Theodor Brückler, Art theft, art recovery and restitution in Austria 1938 to the present, 1999

22 Antonius Dicklberger Strasse Anton Dicklberger: Miner from the Ischl salt mine Biography: Anton Dicklberger, born in 1780, married to his wife Walpurga, lived in Bad Ischl until the end of his life (first tenant of the Franz-Berghaus built in 1813). As a man of iron diligence, thorough knowledge and rich experience, he was appointed mountain master at the Ischler Salzberg in 1808. During his tenure, he taught five pupils (mountain students) without special compensation. The Hofkammer chose him as a mining expert to estimate and appraise various mines. Dicklberger worked for years on his comprehensive history of the Upper Austrian salt pans and has thus set himself a lasting and honorable monument. On April 15, 1817, he was able to present the two-volume work to the Salt Office. For his meritorious work he was awarded the middle gold civil medal with the Öhr by the court chamber as the highest award and in grateful recognition of his hard work for the creation of the history of the salt works in Upper Austria he was presented with an honorary gift of 50 ducats. With increasing age he became ailing, began a one-year holiday in 1836, never returned to service and retired in 1838. He died in 1840. His widow had a monument with a Latin inscription erected on the grave, which contains the following wording in German: "Here rests the honorable Mr. Antonius Dicklberger, imperial-royal mountain master of the Ischler salt works, best deserved and distinguished, who died at the age of 61 on 22. Oct. 1840 piously fell asleep in the Lord. May he rest in peace.” ​ In 2010, in honor of the deserving miner, the Bad Ischl town hall in the village of Eck named a street after him - "Antonius-Dicklberger-Straße". Thomas Nussbaumer from Bad Ischl, a former employee of the saltworks, translated the historical work into its current form of writing and published it in 2018 as a two-volume work with a DVD of the original edition.

07 The Empress Elisabeth – Stollen Stud Name: "Empress Elisabeth - Stollen" Wife of Emperor Charles VI, married on August 1st, 1708 in Barcelona Struck: 1712 Length: 750 m Altitude: 812 m The Empress Elisabeth tunnel was opened in 1712 in order to drive under the next higher Empress Amalia tunnel in order to be able to use the salt mountains below. After this stollen was first referred to as "New impact", it was given the name "Empress Elisabeth - Stollen" from 1730. In 1737, after 25 years of tunnelling, the salt limit was reached in the main shaft of the Empress Elisabeth tunnel. Next to the mouth of the tunnel there was a brick smithy and a dwelling for the hewers. But when the middle mountain house and the smithy were built next to the Empress Maria Theresia tunnel in 1783, the two now useless buildings at the Empress Elisabeth tunnel were demolished in the same year. ​ Situation of the weirs in Elisabeth – tunnels around 1800: Length from the mouth hole to the salt boundary 620 mabel (739.0m), from there to the field location 440 mabel 4 hairpin bends and 6 usable weirs. ​ A mountain thickness of 48m was chosen for the Elisabeth tunnel instead of the usual 30-35m. This made it possible to leach a more powerful salt mountain medium between the Ludovika and Elisabeth tunnels with less excavation effort. Because the mountains were too thick, the weirs arranged side by side spread so much during leaching that they threatened to intersect. The resulting, very large fortifications would have weakened the necessary hill forts so much that there would have been collapses. Great caution was therefore required during the leaching operation. In order to be able to avoid an unwanted intersection of the leach chambers, extensive intersection dams were built. The advantage of lower exploration costs for larger rock thicknesses was more than wasted. ​ The water tunnel at the Elisabeth tunnel ​ Due to the small thickness of the Haselgebirge massif in the upper horizons, the workers often reached out to the salt mountain limit, the exposed barren surrounding rock then led to fractures, which again triggered declines in the neighboring works. In 1839 the Nefzer plant in the Ludovika tunnel was lost as a result. Cracks in the sinkage of the Nefzer weir pointed to the imminent collapse of the mountain range above between the Freund works, which had already fallen on the Elisabeth horizon, and the combined weirs of Mohr and Schmied. The neighboring Wolfen weir in the Amalia horizon above had also fallen, so that the breach had already spread over three floors. So all measures to keep the united Mohr - and Schmied - work in the Elisabeth - horizon were still in vain. The destruction of such a large mining area put the Ischler Salzberg in a difficult position. Many workers had to be declared dead or celebrated in order to avoid the deeper decline and the Chotek - Kehr in the Ludovika tunnel, the Stüger - Schurf from Amalia - on Elisabeth - Horizon and Poniatovsky - Schurf from Elisabeth - on Ludovika - Horizon for derivation to be able to secure the looted waters. In 1849, 10 years after the collapse of the Nefzer weir in the Ludovika horizon, the sky of the combined Monsberg and Gerstorf works in the Elisabeth horizon also fell. The danger of new polluted water penetrating the Hasel Mountains and the collapse of the entire camp top threatened the existence of the entire Ischl salt mountain. All renovation work is described in the factory cleaning chapter. ​ Situation of defenses in the Elisabeth tunnel around 1850: A total of 8 weirs, 1 pronounced dead and 1 usable. Freund - weir, Mohr - and Schmidt - weir (cut), Monsperg - and Gerstorf - weir (cut), Schlögel - and Wolfen - weir (cut); Quix - weir in operation around 1850. Sources used: Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian Salt Works from 1750 to the time after the French Wars", Vienna 1934 Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian Salt Works from 1818 to the end of the Salt Office in 1850", Vienna 1936 August Aigner "Salt mining in the Austrian Alps", Berg- und Hüttenmännisches yearbook, Vienna 1892 Leopold Schiendorfer "Perneck - A Village Through the Ages", Linz 2006 Johann Steiner "The traveling companion through Upper Austrian Switzerland", Linz 1820, reprint Gmunden 1981 Georg Chancellor "Ischl's chronicle", Ischl 1881, reprint Bad Ischl 1983 Michael Kefer "Description of the main maps of the kk Salzberg zu Ischl", 1820, transcription by Thomas Nussbaumer, as of September 13, 2016

Reinfalz 02 Der Kaiser Franzens – Stollen Angeschlagen : 1794 – gemeinsam mit Kaiser Leopold – Stollen ( 1. Mai ) Länge : 884 m - 1834 Vortrieb eingestellt – noch 1540 m zur Salzgrenze Seehöhe : 588 m Weiterlesen » 03 Der Kaiser Leopold – Stollen Angeschlagen : 1794 – gemeinsam mit Niederer Kaiser Franzens – Stollen ( 1. Mai ) Länge : 1.800 m Seehöhe : 643 m Weiterlesen » 04 Der Kaiserin Maria Theresia – Stollen Angeschlagen : 1775 am 26. September, unter „merkwürdigen Feierlichkeiten“ Länge : 1.590 m Seehöhe : 680 m Weiterlesen » 05 Der Kaiser Josef Stollen Ursprünglich „Erzherzog Josef – Stollen“ Regierung Kaiserin Maria Theresia, 1740 – 1780 Angeschlagen : 1751 am 26. Oktober, „Feierlich aufgeschlagen“ Länge : 1.195 m Seehöhe : 722 m Weiterlesen » 06 Der Kaiserin Ludovika- Stollen Angeschlagen : 1747 Länge : 1.013 m Seehöhe : 764 m Letzte Befahrung : 5. März 1934 Weiterlesen » 07 Der Kaiserin Elisabeth – Stollen Angeschlagen : 1712 Länge : 750 m Seehöhe : 812 m Weiterlesen » 08 Der Kaiserin Amalia – Stollen Angeschlagen : 1687 Länge : 572 m Seehöhe : 851 m Weiterlesen » 09 Die Bergkirche Erbaut 1751 Weiterlesen » 10 Der Frauenholz – Stollen Angeschlagen : 1610 - am 2. Oktober, aber erst am 22. Juni 1632 Salz angetroffen Verlassen : bis 1745 unterhalten, verlassen um 1848 Länge : 706 m Seehöhe : 880 m Weiterlesen » 11 Der Lipplesgraben Stollen Angeschlagen : 1567 - 1654 schon „mehrentheils“ versotten Verlassen : 1933 Länge : 236 m Seehöhe : 1000 m Weiterlesen » 12 Der Johannes Stollen Angeschlagen : 1725 Verlassen : 1831 Länge : 230 m Seehöhe : 991 m Weiterlesen » 13 Der Kaiser Matthias Stollen Angeschlagen : 1577 Vortrieb 9 Jahre im Kalkgestein Verlassen : 1931 Auflassung beschlossen, am 5.2.1934 letzte Befahrung und Verriegelung der Eingänge Länge : 420 m Seehöhe : 959 m Weiterlesen » 14 Der Neuberg Stollen Angeschlagen : 1586 Verlassen : 1879 ( 1648 ? ) Länge : 994 m ( 834 Stabl bis zum Salz – in Fortsetzung lagen 11 Baue ) Seehöhe : 909 m Weiterlesen » 15 Der Mitterberg Stollen Angeschlagen : 1563 - 25.Juli, seit 1564 Wetter- und Wasserstollen Verlassen : gänzlich verlassen 1689 Länge : 130 m Seehöhe : 886 m Weiterlesen » 16 Der alte Steinberg Stollen Angeschlagen : 1567 Verlassen : Aufgelassen mit Rabenbrunn – Stollen, bald nach 1751 Länge : 902 m ( 658 m im Kalk, 244 m im Haselgebirge ) Seehöhe : 852 m Weiterlesen » 17 Der neue Steinberg Stollen Angeschlagen : um 1715 Verlassen : 1775 beendigte Benützung, dem gänzlichen Einsturz überlassen Länge : 280 m Seehöhe : 862 m Weiterlesen » 18 Der Rabenbrunn Stollen Angeschlagen : 1692 1707 rügte eine Kommission den voreiligen Aufschlag Verlassen : 1739 weitere Betreibung eingestellt , bald nach 1751 verlassen Länge : 1.116 m 1725 bereits 1088 m Vortrieb – erste Salzspuren ! Seehöhe : 800 m Weiterlesen » 19 Die Steinbergsäge ​ Weiterlesen » Please reload

Social – Schools: For the education of workers' children there were schools in the Kammergutorten, which the communities shared with the Salzamt. The schoolmaster was usually paid by the parents themselves, but the office paid the school fees for poor workers. The first school on Bad Ischler Boden was probably in the "Freien Markt Lauffen", where a schoolmaster Hyronimus Seifelder is said to have worked as early as 1519. It is known that in 1550 there was a schoolmaster in Ischl. The first schoolhouse was built by the municipality in Markt Ischl in 1560 and in Lauffen in 1567. For the boys who had outgrown school, acceptance into the imperial service or into the manufacturing service was the rule; on the Salzbergen in Hallstatt and Ischl, the son usually followed his father in the same branch of service. If the boy had learned a trade, the office paid the fee or apprenticeship fee to the master craftsman. Up to the last quarter of the 18th century, the school system in the Kammergut had not undergone any significant improvement compared to before, only the number of schools had increased. In 1767 there were schools in Laufen, Ischl, Ebensee, Obertraun and St. Agatha in addition to Hallstatt and Goisern. The schoolmasters were poorly paid, but they and their widows were commissionable. Their knowledge was very limited, so apart from Christianity, which was the main subject of the lesson, they could only teach the children little. After all, the majority of the schoolmasters came from the clerkship and their widow was allowed to continue the lessons. The schoolmasters were also always appointed in agreement with the religious commission and the missionary superior. In 1769, in addition to the parish schoolmaster, who was paid by the Salzamt, Ischl also had a market and religious schoolmaster, who taught independently of the former and also taught Christians in the neighboring parishes. On December 6, 1774, the great school reform took place under Maria Theresia. So-called trivial schools should be set up in every parish. How the first trivial schools were designed can be read in Abbot Johann Ignaz Felbiger’s “Core and Method Book”: “The children gather at school before 8 a.m. and go to church in pairs, modestly. After Holy Mass they also go back to school. There they pray, the names are read out. From ¾ 9 to ½ 10 the little students learn to know and spell the letters. From ½ 10 to ½ 11 the catechism is read. ½ 11 is prayed, the students are dismissed except for the arithmetic students, who are instructed and practiced in arithmetic until ½ 12.” The schools in the Kammergutorten were continued from 1774 onwards as trivial schools according to a uniform curriculum drawn up by the government and were only managed by certified teachers. The schoolmasters had to travel to Linz to acquire the teaching method, take a course at the local normal school and, after completing it, take an exam. The trivial school in Ischl only required a single classroom, separate from the schoolmaster's apartment, with a step for the teacher and an easel with 2 black boards. So that the older children would not be completely deprived of housework, half-day classes were introduced, in which the children only had to attend in the mornings. From then on, religious instruction was no longer taken care of by the schoolmaster, but by the catechist twice a week. Well-to-do parents had to pay the school fees of 1 guilder a year themselves, the poorer workers were paid by the Salzamt, and very poor children were also provided with school books. The maintenance costs of the public trivial school fell to the state. The trivial school was followed by the also public secondary or normal school with higher learning goals, to which the trivial students could transfer after the second grade. In 1782 Ischl got a new school building for the old rooms that had become inadequate. In 1816 the number of students had already risen to over 400, so a third classroom and a second assistant became necessary. In 1782 Ischl got a new school building on the left bank of the Traun near the main bridge, but it was immediately overcrowded. To relieve the strain, the first school class was set up in Pfandl in 1791 in the “Zum Pfandl” inn. In 1816 there was a teacher with two teaching assistants and 400 (!) students in Ischl. The filling of vacant teaching positions in the public elementary schools was based on the proposal of the nursing offices by the episcopal consistory, which appointed a school supervisor for each deanery. The schoolmasters at the trivial school were permanently employed. The teachers at the trivial schools were placed on an equal footing with the civil service and the clergy. If the number of pupils became too large for one teacher, the authorities provided him with assistant teachers with a lower salary. Although the catechist did not receive a special salary, he was given a remuneration for giving religious instruction. A considerable amount of extra work arose for the teaching staff from the imperial decree that came into force at the beginning of 1817, according to which repeat lessons on Sundays and public holidays were to be introduced for young people aged 12 to 15 who had outgrown school. Applicants for the saltworks service had to provide proof of having attended a repeat school. A great benefit for the growing female youth was the founding of knitting schools in Gmunden, Ebensee, Ischl, Hallstatt, Aussee and Altaussee, which enjoyed special support from the Court Chamber. She paid the tuition fees, sometimes also honored the teachers and gave the schools the firewood. The knitting schools, run by handicraft teachers, were also regularly attended by girls from the salt pans. The trivial school in Ischl with the three teachers' rooms was already too small in 1819 and the connection of a fourth room had become necessary. However, the number of school children continued to rise. In 1825, a teacher and three assistants taught 420 children in two school classes, each with two departments. The prescribed maximum number of 80 students in one room was therefore considerably exceeded and the procurement of a fifth classroom could no longer be postponed. In 1839 the emperor approved the amount of 11,086 guilders for the renovation, which was also to include the fifth classroom. Until then, the school was housed in the old, completely inadequate rooms, the building was badly preserved, and the storey height was far too low. Since the number of schoolchildren had grown to 460 in 1832, each of the four department classes held over a hundred students, and the teachers reluctantly went into the overcrowded and unhealthy rooms due to the fumes. For the rental of the absolutely necessary fifth classroom in some private house, Dr. Wirer agreed to dispute the interest. dr Wirer had also taken on the young women of the market and in 1832 in Ischl set up and maintained the first handicraft school in the Kammergut entirely at his own expense. As early as the following year, a hundred girls enjoyed free lessons there. dr Wirer also bought the raw materials needed for the spinning school and used the school's products only for the benefit of the children, he clothed the poorest and gave presents to the hard-working. The small village school in Pfandl near Ischl also needed an extension in 1835, and the school-friendly residents of the up-and-coming town had asked for it. The soup facilities in Hallstatt and Ebensee, established in 1845 and open during the winter months, were a beneficial welfare institution for the school children of the salt workers. On May 14, 1869, the "Reichs Volksschulgesetz" was passed. "Every elementary school is a public institution and as such is accessible to young people regardless of their religious affiliation." Among other things, compulsory schooling for eight years was introduced, collections of teaching materials and school libraries were established. The school system then took an enormous upswing. Sources used: Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian salt works from the beginning of the 16th to the middle of the 18th century", Vienna 1932 Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian Salt Works from 1750 to the time after the French Wars", Vienna 1934 Carl Schraml "The Upper Austrian Salt Works from 1818 to the end of the Salt Office in 1850", Vienna 1936 Ischl home club "Bad Ischl home book 2004", Bad Ischl 2004 FX Mannert "Of Ischl and the people of Ischl...", Bad Ischl 2012 FX Mannert "From Ischl and the people of Ischl... 2.0", Bad Ischl 2016

watering:

Overview of the tunnels at the Ischler Salzberg Surname attack length sea level Mitterberg tunnels * Old Steinberg tunnel * Lipplesgraben tunnel Lower water mountain Neuberg tunnel Moosegg Test Gallery * Matthew Stollen Rossmoos test gallery Mitterberg - water tunnel Women's wood studs Amalia Stollen High water mountain Rabenbrunn tunnel * Elizabeth Stollen New Steinberg tunnel * John Stollen Hubkogl test tunnel Test gallery Rehkogl Medium water mountain Ludovika Stollen Joseph Stollen Maria Theresa Stollen Leopold Stollen Franz Stollen Langmoos drainage tunnel Franz Josef Erbstollen 1563 1567 1567 1567 1571 1577 1577 1584 1596 1610 1687 1689 1692 1712 1715 1725 1725 1725 1738 1747 1751 1775 1794 1794 1858 1895 197 938 236 100 1464 364 740 702 1073 40 1000 750 284 487 54 1013 1195 1590 1800 884 57 2860 886 852 1000 1024 909 625 959 894 880 851 1114 800 812 862 991 1030 764 722 680 643 588 503 16 tunnels with salt mining 1 tunnel without salt mining (Franz tunnel, 1794) 5 water tunnels (4 in the Pernecker and 1 in the Lauffner salt dome) 4 test tunnels 26 tunnels opened from 1563 - 1895 (333 years) These tunnels have the "old small salt storage" (Lauffner Salzstock) open minded ​ ​ All details about the Ischler Salzberg and mining in general Grubenriss Ischler Salzberg 1865 The mining managers of the Ischler – Salzberg Hans Khalss 1563 - 1571 (comes from Altaussee) ​ Thomas Kalssum around 1590 Martin Kalss (Martin Khalsen) around 1648 ​ Abraham Wibmerum around 1664 Hans Wibner, Hanns Wimmerum around 1710 ​ Anton Dicklberger 1808 – 1.4. 1838 ​ Franz von Schwind 1.4. 1838 – July 16, 1841 Alois von Rehorovsky 1.12. 1841 – 1.8. 1847 ​ ​ ​ ​ Gustav Knight 1.10. 1848 – September 9, 1849 Kk Hüttenmeister Ritter was born on January 5, 1807 in Aussee as a son of the kk Pfannhausverwalter Josef Ritter born and died on March 27, 1884 in Aussee in his house at Gartengasse 4, still today known as the "Ritterhäusel". After his checkered service - recorded in 1829 as mountain student, he worked in Ebensee, in Ischl, in Hallein, in Hallstatt, he also served in the Galician kk Salinas - he came in 1851 as Hüttenmeister to Aussee. The "Hüttenschaffer" Ritter became known in 1840 when he died introduced desk firing in the construction of a brick kiln with great success. He saved firewood and through the complete combustion of the wood, the salt be obtained purer. In addition to his work, he dealt with current topics, which he recorded in drawings. He is described as a "funny coot" and became more than locally known for his apt joke drawings. Experts referred to him as "Wilhelm Busch von Aussee". Numerous pen drawings also received Anna Plochl, who also valued his art very much. Hüttenmeister Ritter also gave an interesting description of carnival in 1876, in which he finally said: "....Memories of 3 beautiful days, the culmination of a momentous dream, similar to our whole life, where everyone tries to fool the other and to meet the task of finding their way forward by deceiving their neighbor." ​ Albert Hippmann17. 9. 1849-1. 7. 1865 Josef Wallmann July 1, 1865 – July 8, 1865 5. 1873 August Aigner July 1, 1873 – July 1 1. 1884 Karl Schedl January 1, 1884–1. 6. 1898 Robert von Possanner 6/1/1898–1. 4. 1901 Alexander Bretschneider April 1, 1901–1 1. 1909 Josef Griessenboeck1. 2. 1909-18. 11. 1924 Erich Alfred Kubla January 26, 1925 –8. 8. 1925 Franz Pickl January 4, 1926–29. 12. 1926 Julius Rotter January 1, 1927–1 7. 1933 ​ Erich Ressel July 1, 1933 – March 31. 1943 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Paul Lepez 1/17/1944-31. 7. 1945 Heimo Mayrhofer January 1, 1946 – June 4, 1956 ​ Friedrich Hampel 1/1/1976 - 7/31/1978 ​ Rudolph Neuhold 1978 – 1988 Gerhard Hirner 1988 - 04/30/1993 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Walter Oberth 05/01/1993 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Horst Sochor 1994 From May 1st, 1994, the mining companies were merged Altaussee, Hallstatt and Bad Ischl and the probe field for mining Salzkammergut Ernest Gaisbauer 1994 – 2005 Clade Michael from 2005 ​​ Sources used: Hollwöger Franz, Ausseer Land, Vienna 1956, page 90 and Dicklberger Anton, Salinengeschichte, volume 1, 1817, transcribed by Nussbaumer Thomas, Weitra 2018, page 375 f. Dicklberger Anton, Salinengeschichte, Volume 2, 1817, transcribed by Nussbaumer Thomas, Weitra 2018, page 422 f. Dicklberger Anton, Salinengeschichte, Volume 1, 1817, transcribed by Nussbaumer Thomas, Weitra 2018, page 389. Dicklberger Anton, Salinengeschichte, Volume 1, 1817, transcribed by Nussbaumer Thomas, Weitra 2018, page 439. Dicklberger Anton, Salinengeschichte, Volume 2, 1817, transcribed by Nussbaumer Thomas, Weitra 2018, page 568. Picture in the Bad Ischl City Museum, ground floor, Salzberg Ischl room. Schraml Carl, Saline History, Volume 1, pages 178, 181, 183. Picture in the Bad Ischl City Museum, ground floor, Salzberg Ischl room. Schraml Carl, Saline History, Volume 2, page 157. Thomanek Kurz, grains of salt, Leoben 2007, page 166. ​

10 Der Frauenholz – Stollen Stollenname: „Frauenholz – Stollen“ Ischler Verweser Raphael Frauenholz Angeschlagen: 2. Oktober 1610 Verlassen: bis 1745 unterhalten, verlassen um 1848 Länge: 706 m Seehöhe: 880 m Der Frauenholz - Stollen wurde anfangs durch einen vom Neuberg – Stollen abgeteuften, 30 Stabel (35,8m) langen Probe – Schurf („Probschurf“) von oben herunter untersucht. Nachdem die weitere Tiefenerstreckung des Salzlagers nachgewiesen werden konnte, wurde der nach dem damaligen Ischler Verweser Raphael Frauenholz benannte neue Stollen am 2. Oktober 1610 angeschlagen. Es dauerte bis am 22. Juni 1632, also 22 (!) Jahre, bis das Salzlager erreicht wurde. Um das Salz zu erreichen mussten ca. 530 m taubes Gestein durchörtert werden, was einem Jahresvortrieb von ganzen 25 m entspricht (sofern der Stollen dauernd mit Mannschaft belegt war). Der Frauenholz – Stollen war der erste Stollen, der das Pernecker Salzlager von Nord nach Süd („Mitternacht gegen Mittag“) unterfuhr. Alle höher gelegenen Stollen vom Neuberg – bis Johannes – Stollen wurden von West nach Ost („Abend gegen Morgen“) angesetzt. Da das Gelände auf der Nordseite und wesentlich steiler ist, war die Hauptschachtricht um einiges kürzer und der Aufschluss deshalb mit wesentlich geringeren Kosten möglich. Eines der ältesten Denkmäler alter Ischler Bergbautätigkeit ist die in Stein gehauene Inschrift des Frauenholz – Stollens. Nach wechselvoller Geschichte, heute am Kaiser Maria Theresia – Stollen angebracht, berichtet diese Tafel vom Anschlag des Frauenholz – Stollens 1610 bis zum Antreffen des Salzes nach 22 Jahren: Den 2. Octobris nach Christ, unseres Heilands Geburt, im 1610 Jahr, unter Rudolfo dem anderten Römischen Kaiser Matthia dem anderten König zu Ungarn Designierten zum König in Böhmen regierenden Erzherzogen zu Österreich etc., bei Herrn Veit Spindler, Salzamtmann, Raphael Fraunholzen, Verwesern und Georg Nützen, Gegenschreibern ist dieser Salzberg durch Andrä Kälssen, Bergmeistern, Leonhard Astern, Bergschaffern, aufgeschlagen, angefangen und von den Bergleuten nach Gedachtes ihres Verwesers Name der Fraunholzberg genennet. Das Salz aber angetroffen worden den 22. Juni 1632 unter Ferdinand dem anderten, Römischen Kaiser Ferdinand dem dritten erwählten und gekrönten König zu Ungarn und Böhmen, Erzherzog zu Österreich, bei Herrn Georg Brugglachern Salzamtmann Johann Resfelt von Rosenthal, Verwesern und obgedachten Georg Nützen, Gegenschreiber, Andrä Kälssen, Bergmeistern und Martin Kälssen, Bergschaffern. Gott geb Gnade. Amen. Die Länge der Frauenholz Stollen – Hauptschachtricht betrug bis zur ersten Kehre („Kößler – Umbau“) durch das taube Gebirge hinein 339 Stabel (404,1m). Anschließend wurde noch die „Krechen“ – Hauptschachtricht („Gerade“ – Hauptschachtricht) im Salzgebirge weitergetrieben und der Streubel – Schöpfbau darauf angelegt. Die Krechen – Hauptschachtricht wurde in der Hoffnung, das Salz länger anzutreffen, im tauben Hangendgebirge noch über 250 Stabel (298,0m) fortgesetzt. Weil aber nur Stein, taubes Gebirge und süßes Wasser erbaut wurde und daraus kein Nutzen zu ziehen war, wurde die Verlängerung der Krechen – Hauptschachtricht mit einem Lettenverschlag verdämmt und das dahinter erbaute Wasser durch Röhren bis zum Mundloch des Frauenholz – Stollens ausgeleitet. ​ Situation Schöpfbaue im Frauenholz – Stollen um 1654: Insgesamt 15 Schöpfbaue in Betrieb. Streubel-, Seutzen-, Hanns Georg Jünger-, Jungen Kessenhüller-, Johann Philibert-, Seeau-, Hölzl-, Seywalder-, Metzler-, Schweibelmayr -, Jesuiter-, Pruklacher-, Soltinger-, Harrach- und Spitzel – Bau. Auf der gegen Osten („Morgen“) ausgelängten Hauptschachtricht befanden sich 8 Schöpfbaue, nämlich der Seutzen-, Hanns Georg Jünger-, Jungen Kessenhüller-, Johann Philibert-, Seeau-, Hölzl-, Seywalder- und Metzler – Bau, welche sich mit dem Streubel – Bau vereinigten und später unter dem Namen der Streubel und Seutzen – Wehr zu einem Ablaswerk vorgerichtet wurden. Hinter dem Metzler – Bau lag links die Kufstein – Kehr, auf welcher der mit dem Metzler – Bau zusammengeschnittene Schweibelmayr – Bau lag. Auf der von der Hauptschachtricht links gelegenen Kapuziner – Kehr lag der Jesuiter – Bau, ihr Feldort stand in tauben Gebirge. In der Fortsetzung der Hauptschachtricht befanden sich der Pruklacher-, Soltinger- und Harrach – Bau, welche in der Folge mit dem Jesuiter- und Spitzel – Bau vereinigten, unter dem Namen Porg – Wehr zu einem Ablaswerk vorgerichtet und benützt wurden. Die Porg – Wehr wurde bis zu einem 1745 erfolgten Einbruch süßer Tagwässer betrieben. Weiter hinten lag der vom Neubergstollen abgebaute Einwässerungs – Schurf, auch Registrator v. Riethaler Schurf genannt, welcher die Hauptschachtricht des Neuberg – Stollens mit der alten Hauptschachtricht des Frauenholz – Stollens verband. 1637 wurden anstatt des baufälligen Holzgebäudes am Frauenholz – Stollen ein Berghaus und eine Schmiede errichtet. 1707 waren im Frauenholz – Stollen 15 Schöpfbaue in Betrieb. Zur Erleichterung der Soleförderung war deren Vereinigung in zwei Damm - Wehren zu 70 und 50 Stuben Fassungsraum ( 17.115m³ und 12.225m³) geplant. Die Umstellung des Laugbetriebes hatte sich verzögert, weil der unterliegende, zum Abfluss der Sole benötigte Amalia – Stollen erst 1687 eröffnet wurde. 1707 rügte die Starhembergsche – Kommission erneut scharf den Vortrieb eines Untersuchungsbaues als Fortsetzung der Hauptschachtricht im Frauenholz – Stollen 300 Stabel (358,5m) über die Salzgrenze hinaus ins Taube. Die Aussichtslosigkeit dieses Vortriebes wurde durch eine Tagvermessung nachgewiesen, denn oberhalb dieser Strecke stand eine hochragende Felswand. Als die sich im Frauenholz – Stollen befindliche Streubel – und Seutzen – Wehr 1729 zusammengeschnitten war, ereignete sich 1738 in der Streubel – Wehr ein Werksniedergang. Dabei drang eine große Menge Süßwasser in die Wehr ein. Am 16 April 1738 wurde in einer Beschau beschlossen, einen Hauerschlag zur Aufsuchung des Süßwassers in der Streubel – Wehr auszuführen, und dieses, wenn gefasst wäre, durch einen Schurf in den Kaiserin Amalia – Stollen auf die Springer – Kehr zu leiten, und von dort schadlos auszuleiten. Dieser Vorschlag konnte jedoch nicht ausgeführt werden, weil das Wasser überraschend aus dem Deckgebirge oberhalb der Wehr zufloss und nicht gefasst werden konnte. Zur Fassung des Wasserzutrittes in die Streubel – Wehr wurde 1738 ein neuer Wasser – Stollen mit Wasserfassungsstrecken („Seitenöffen“) am Reinfalz und die Verlängerung des Rinnwerks zwischen den Bergen vorgenommen. Obschon mit dem 54m langen, in 1.030m Seehöhe angesetzten neuen Stollen („Mittlerer Wasserberg – Stollen“) einiges Wasser erbaut wurde, erreichte man doch nicht den damit erhofften Erfolg, weil das Süßwasser noch immer in die Streubel – Wehr eindrang. Erst 1769 konnte durch den im Lipplesgraben – Stollen angelegten Wasser – Schurf der Süßwasserzutritt endgültig gefasst und abgeleitet werden. Da der „Mittlere Wasserberg – Stollen“ mit den tiefer angelegten Stollen keine Verbindung hatte, wurde er 1816 wieder aufgelassen. Dadurch konnten die Rüstkosten, die zur Instandhaltung des im druckhaften Gebirge angelegten Stollens nötig waren, eingespart werden. Das gemauerte Berghaus, in dem sich die Bergkanzlei befand, wurde 1740 erweitert. Im Jahr 1781 wurde aber das Berghaus beim Frauenholz – Stollen wieder abgebrochen und die dort wohnenden Arbeiter in das Berghaus beim Kaiserin Elisabeth – Stollen und sowie in jenes beim Kaiserin Maria Ludovika – Stollen umgesiedelt. Situation Wehren im Frauenholz – Stollen um 1800: Länge vom Mundloch bis zur Salzgrenze 428 Stabel (510,2m), von da bis zum Feldort 372 Stabel (443,4m). Er hat 1 Kehr mit insgesamt 4 Wehren, davon 2 brauchbare und 2 unbrauchbare Wehren. Um 1820 war nur mehr der vordere Teil der Frauenholz Stollen – Hauptschachtricht vom Mundloch bis zum Wasser – Umbau befahrbar, sowie im rückwärtigen Teil der morgenseitigen Hauptschachtricht die Strecke vom Wimmer – Ebenschurf bis zum Vasold – Schurf (beide Schürfe vom Frauenholz – in den Amalia – Stollen), die aus Bewetterungsgründen offengehalten werden musste. Situation Wehren im Frauenholz – Stollen um 1850: Insgesamt 5 Wehren (um 1850 alle totgesprochen); Erlach - Wehr, Lang - Wehr, Porg - Wehr, Streubel - und Seutzen - Wehr (verschnitten). 1933 wurden im Zuge der Umlegung der Einwässerungs – Strecken die Frauenholz Stollen – Hauptschachtricht, der Kössler – Umbau sowie der Schmidl – Schurf (Frauenholz – auf Amalia – Stollen) stillgelegt. Verwendete Quellen: Carl Schraml „Das oberösterreichische Salinenwesen vom Beginne des 16. Bis zur Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts“, Wien 1932 Carl Schraml „Das oberösterreichische Salinenwesen von 1750 bis zur Zeit nach den Franzosenkriegen“, Wien 1934 Carl Schraml „Das oberösterreichische Salinenwesen von 1818 bis zum Ende des Salzamtes 1850“, Wien 1936 August Aigner „Der Salzbergbau in den österreichischen Alpen“, Berg- und Hüttenmännisches Jahrbuch, Wien 1892 Leopold Schiendorfer „Perneck – Ein Dorf im Wandel der Zeit“, Linz 2006 Johann Steiner „Der Reisegefährte durch die Oberösterreichische Schweiz“, Linz 1820, Reprint Gmunden 1981 Georg Kanzler „Ischls Chronik“, Ischl 1881, Reprint Bad Ischl 1983 Michael Kefer „Beschreibung Hauptkarten des kk Salzberges zu Ischl“, 1820, Transkription Michael Nussbaumer, Stand 13.09.2016 Anton Dicklberger „Systematische Geschichte der Salinen Oberösterreichs“, I. Band, Ischl 1807, Transkription Thomas Nussbaumer